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In the area of code generation research, the emphasis has transitioned from crafting individual functions to developing class-level method code that integrates contextual information. This shift has brought several benchmarks such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Zinan Wang

Generating accurate code review comments remains a significant challenge due to the inherently diverse and non-unique nature of the task output. Large language models pretrained on both programming and natural language data tend to perform…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Md. Asif Haider , Ayesha Binte Mostofa , Sk. Sabit Bin Mosaddek , Anindya Iqbal , Toufique Ahmed

Human preference alignment can greatly enhance Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), but collecting high-quality preference data is costly. A promising solution is the self-evolution strategy, where models are iteratively trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Wentao Tan , Qiong Cao , Yibing Zhan , Chao Xue , Changxing Ding

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, recent studies suggest that they still face challenges in performing fundamental NLP tasks essential for deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ziyan Zhang , Yang Hou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Can language models improve their reasoning performance without external rewards, using only their own sampled responses for training? We show that they can. We propose Self-evolving Post-Training (SePT), a simple post-training method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mengqi Li , Lei Zhao , Anthony Man-Cho So , Ruoyu Sun , Xiao Li

Recent language models achieve impressive results in tasks involving complex multistep reasoning, but scaling these capabilities further traditionally requires expensive collection of more annotated data. In this work, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Marek Kadlčík , Michal Štefánik

Despite the impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) on various tasks, they still struggle with scenarios that involves complex reasoning and planning. Recent work proposed advanced prompting techniques and the necessity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Linfeng Song , Lifeng Jin , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Can a model learn to escape its own learning plateau? Reinforcement learning methods for finetuning large reasoning models stall on datasets with low initial success rates, and thus little training signal. We investigate a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shobhita Sundaram , John Quan , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Kartik Ahuja , Yann Ollivier , Julia Kempe

Generating accurate and executable code using Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge for underrepresented programming languages, such as Prolog and Lisp, due to the scarcity of public training data compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Federico Pennino , Bianca Raimondi , Massimo Rondelli , Andrea Gurioli , Maurizio Gabbrielli

Iterative self-improvement fine-tunes an autoregressive large language model (LLM) on reward-verified outputs generated by the LLM itself. In contrast to the empirical success of self-improvement, the theoretical foundation of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chenruo Liu , Yijun Dong , Yiqiu Shen , Qi Lei

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language, but their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. We propose a reinforcement-learning-based framework that models prompt refinement as a sequential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success on a broad range of tasks, math reasoning remains a challenging one. One of the approaches for improving math reasoning is self-correction, which designs self-improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xutong Zhao , Tengyu Xu , Xuewei Wang , Zhengxing Chen , Di Jin , Liang Tan , Yen-Ting , Zishun Yu , Zhuokai Zhao , Yun He , Sinong Wang , Han Fang , Sarath Chandar , Chen Zhu

Modern Large Language Model (LLM)-based programming agents often rely on test execution feedback to refine their generated code. These tests are synthetically generated by LLMs. However, LLMs may produce invalid or hallucinated test cases,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Hamed Taherkhani , Jiho Shin , Muhammad Ammar Tahir , Md Rakib Hossain Misu , Vineet Sunil Gattani , Hadi Hemmati

Recent progress in multimodal large language models has led to strong performance on reasoning tasks, but these improvements largely rely on high-quality annotated data or teacher-model distillation, both of which are costly and difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhengxian Wu , Kai Shi , Chuanrui Zhang , Zirui Liao , Jun Yang , Ni Yang , Qiuying Peng , Luyuan Zhang , Hangrui Xu , Tianhuang Su , Zhenyu Yang , Haonan Lu , Haoqian Wang

The code generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced applications like tool invocation and problem-solving. However, improving performance in code-related tasks remains challenging due to limited training data that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Houxing Ren , Zimu Lu , Weikang Shi , Haotian Hou , Yunqiao Yang , Ke Wang , Aojun Zhou , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Exploring the application of powerful large language models (LLMs) on the named entity recognition (NER) task has drawn much attention recently. This work pushes the performance boundary of zero-shot NER with LLMs by proposing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Tingyu Xie , Qi Li , Yan Zhang , Zuozhu Liu , Hongwei Wang

Preference learning extends the performance of Code LLMs beyond traditional supervised fine-tuning by leveraging relative quality comparisons. In existing approaches, a set of n candidate solutions is evaluated based on test case success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jie Wu , Haoling Li , Xin Zhang , Xiao Liu , Yangyu Huang , Jianwen Luo , Yizhen Zhang , Zuchao Li , Ruihang Chu , Yujiu Yang , Scarlett Li

Generating executable code from natural language instructions using Large Language Models (LLMs) poses challenges such as semantic ambiguity and understanding taskspecific contexts. To address these issues, we propose a system called…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Mihit Sreejith
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