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Large Language Models (LLMs) are finding applications in numerous domains, and Requirements Engineering (RE) is increasingly benefiting from their capabilities to assist with complex, language-intensive tasks. This paper presents a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mohammad Amin Zadenoori , Jacek Dąbrowski , Waad Alhoshan , Liping Zhao , Alessio Ferrari

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to convert natural language descriptions into mathematical optimization formulations. Current evaluations often treat formulations as a whole, relying on coarse metrics like solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dania Refai , Moataz Ahmed

Validation is a central activity when developing formal specifications. Similarly to coding, a possible validation technique is to define upfront test cases or scenarios that a future specification should satisfy or not. Unfortunately,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Alcino Cunha , Nuno Macedo

Recently, an efficient constraint solving-based approach has been developed to detect logical faults in systems specified with classical finite state machines (FSMs). The approach is unsuitable to detect violations of time constraints. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Omer Nguena Timo , Dimitri Prestat , Florent Avellaneda

Generative LLMs, such as GPT, have the potential to revolutionize Requirements Engineering (RE) by automating tasks in new ways. This column explores the novelties and introduces the importance of precise prompts for effective interactions.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Andreas Vogelsang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automating hardware synthesis, yet substantial barriers remain for industrial-scale, datapath-centric designs due to ambiguous specifications and a lack of formal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kezhi Li , Min Li , Xiangyu Wen , Shibo Zhao , Jieying Wu , Junhua Huang , Qiang Xu

Finite State Machines are a concept widely taught in undergraduate theory of computing courses. Educators typically use tools with static representations of FSMs to help students visualize these objects and processes; however, all existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sierra Zoe Bennett-Manke , Sebastian Neumann , Ryan E. Dougherty

An introductory formal languages course exposes advanced undergraduate and early graduate students to automata theory, grammars, constructive proofs, computability, and decidability. Programming students find these topics to be challenging…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-17 Marco T. Morazán , Rosario Antunez

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era for design science in Information Systems, demanding a paradigm shift in tailoring LLMs design for business contexts. We propose and test a novel framework to customize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Wen Wang , Zhenyue Zhao , Tianshu Sun

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities to automate software engineering activities that traditionally require substantial manual effort. Among these, class diagram generation represents a critical yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jackson Nguyen , Rui En Koe , Fanyu Wang , Chetan Arora , Alessio Ferrari

System-Level Test (SLT) has been a part of the test flow for integrated circuits for over a decade and still gains importance. However, no systematic approaches exist for test program generation, especially targeting non-functional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Denis Schwachhofer , Peter Domanski , Steffen Becker , Stefan Wagner , Matthias Sauer , Dirk Pflüger , Ilia Polian

The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is an established method used in dependency modelling, especially in the design of complex engineering systems. The generation of DSM is traditionally carried out through manual means and can involve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Edwin C. Y. Koh

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a transformative manufacturing technology enabling direct fabrication of complex parts layer-be-layer from 3D modeling data. Among AM applications, the fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Mohammad Karimzadeh , Deekshith Basvoju , Aleksandar Vakanski , Indrajit Charit , Fei Xu , Xinchang Zhang

The paper introduces final state identification (synchronizing and homing) sequences for Timed Finite State Machines (TFSMs) with output delays and investigates their properties. We formally define the notions of homing sequences (HSs) and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Evgenii Vinarskii , Jakub Ruszil , Adam Roman , Natalia Kushik

Monitoring Machine Learning (ML) models in production environments is crucial, yet traditional approaches often yield verbose, low-interpretability outputs that hinder effective decision-making. We propose a cognitive architecture for ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca , Peini Liu , Jordi Guitart , Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison

In this paper, new contributions to requirements-based testing with deterministic finite state machines are presented. Elementary requirements are specified as triples consisting of a state in the reference model, an input, and the expected…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Wen-ling Huang , Jan Peleska

Producing accurate software models is crucial in model-driven software engineering (MDE). However, modeling complex systems is an error-prone task that requires deep application domain knowledge. In the past decade, several automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Vittoriano Muttillo , Claudio Di Sipio , Riccardo Rubei , Luca Berardinelli , MohammadHadi Dehghani

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, LLaMA, GLM, and PaLM, have exhibited remarkable performances across various tasks in recent years. However, LLMs face two main challenges in real-world applications. One challenge is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Weijing Chen , Wenbin Wei , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Large language models (LLMs) with one or more fine-tuning phases have become a necessary step to unlock various capabilities, enabling LLMs to follow natural language instructions or align with human preferences. However, it carries the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tingfeng Hui , Zhenyu Zhang , Shuohuan Wang , Weiran Xu , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

In the high-cost simulation-driven design domain, translating ambiguous design requirements into a mathematical optimization formulation is a bottleneck for optimizing product performance. This process is time-consuming and heavily reliant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuchen Li , Handing Wang , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang , Yaochu Jin