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The rapid adoption of generative AI-powered search engines like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini is fundamentally reshaping information retrieval, moving from traditional ranked lists to synthesized, citation-backed answers. This shift…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Mahe Chen , Xiaoxuan Wang , Kaiwen Chen , Nick Koudas

How will generative AI pay for itself? Unless charging users for access, selling advertising is the only alternative. Especially in the multi-billion dollar web search market with ads as the main source of revenue, the introduction of a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ines Zelch , Matthias Hagen , Martin Potthast

By employing large language models (LLMs) to retrieve documents and generate natural language responses, Generative Engines, such as Google AI overview and ChatGPT, provide significantly enhanced user experiences and have rapidly become the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yujiang Wu , Shanshan Zhong , Yubin Kim , Chenyan Xiong

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has ushered in a new paradigm of search engines that use generative models to gather and summarize information to answer user queries. This emerging technology, which we formalize under the unified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Pranjal Aggarwal , Vishvak Murahari , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Ashwin Kalyan , Karthik Narasimhan , Ameet Deshpande

Generative search engines represent a transition from traditional ranking-based retrieval to Large Language Model (LLM)-based synthesis, transforming optimization goals from ranking prominence towards content inclusion. Generative Engine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiaqi Yuan , Jialu Wang , Zihan Wang , Qingyun Sun , Ruijie Wang , Jianxin Li

Cache advertisements reduce the access cost by allowing users to skip the cache when it does not contain their datum. Such advertisements are used in multiple networked domains such as 5G networks, wide area networks, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Itamar Cohen , Gil Einziger , Gabriel Scalosub

Generative Engine Marketing (GEM) is an emerging ecosystem for monetizing generative engines, such as LLM-based chatbots, by seamlessly integrating relevant advertisements into their responses. At the core of GEM lies the generation and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Silan Hu , Shiqi Zhang , Yimin Shi , Xiaokui Xiao

Major deployed generative AI advertising systems preserve a visible boundary between commercial content and AI-generated responses. Yet empirical research shows that ads woven directly into large language model (LLM) outputs often go…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingyi Qiu , Qiaozhu Mei

Optimizing reranking in advertising feeds is a constrained combinatorial problem, requiring simultaneous maximization of platform revenue and preservation of user experience. Recent generative ranking methods enable listwise optimization…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chenfei Li , Hantao Zhao , Weixi Yao , Ruiming Huang , Rongrong Lu , Geng Tian , Dongying Kong

Auto-bidding is essential in facilitating online advertising by automatically placing bids on behalf of advertisers. Generative auto-bidding, which generates bids based on an adjustable condition using models like transformers and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yewen Li , Shuai Mao , Jingtong Gao , Nan Jiang , Yunjian Xu , Qingpeng Cai , Fei Pan , Peng Jiang , Bo An

ChatGPT has established Generative AI (GenAI) as a significant technological advancement. However, GenAI's intricate relationship with competing platforms and its downstream impact on users remains under-explored. This paper initiates the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Boaz Taitler , Omer Ben-Porat

While generative AI excels in content generation, it does not always increase user engagement. This can be attributed to two main factors. First, generative AI generates content without incorporating explicit or implicit feedback about user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jingying Zeng , Jaewon Yang , Waleed Malik , Xiao Yan , Richard Huang , Qi He

Generative AI is changing the way in which humans seek to find answers to questions in different fields including on the gig economy and labour markets, but there is limited information available about closely ChatGPT simulated output…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Thomas Lancaster

Generative AI services like ChatGPT and Gemini are some of the fastest-growing consumer services. Individuals using such services must accept their terms of use before access, and conform to these terms for continued use of the service.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Harshvardhan J. Pandit , Dick A. H. Blankvoort , Adel Shaaban , Sasha Luccioni , Abeba Birhane

Generative AI (GenAI) offers new opportunities for customer support in online travel agencies, yet little is known about how its design influences user engagement, purchase behavior, and user experience. We report results from a randomized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Lynna Jirpongopas , Bernhard Lutz , Jörg Ebner , Rustam Vahidov , Dirk Neumann

Generative answer engines expose content through selective citation rather than ranked retrieval, fundamentally altering how visibility is determined. This shift calls for new optimization methods beyond traditional search engine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zikang Liu , Peilan Xu

Compared to classical machine learning (ML) models, generative models offer a new usage paradigm where (i) a single model can be used for many different tasks out-of-the-box; (ii) users interact with this model over a series of natural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Rafid Mahmood

Generative engines (GEs) are reshaping information access by replacing ranked links with citation-grounded answers, yet current Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) methods optimize each instance in isolation, unable to accumulate or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Beining Wu , Fuyou Mao , Jiong Lin , Cheng Yang , Jiaxuan Lu , Yifu Guo , Siyu Zhang , Yifan Wu , Ying Huang , Fu Li

Writing survey questions that easily and accurately convey their intent to a variety of respondents is a demanding and high-stakes task. Despite the extensive literature on best practices, the number of considerations to keep in mind is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-11 Erica Ann Metheney , Lauren Yehle

Traditionally, AI has been modeled within economics as a technology that impacts payoffs by reducing costs or refining information for human agents. Our position is that, in light of recent advances in generative AI, it is increasingly…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-06-04 Nicole Immorlica , Brendan Lucier , Aleksandrs Slivkins
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