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In this paper, a distributed trilayer multi-agent framework is proposed for optimal electric vehicle charging scheduling (EVCS). The framework reduces the negative effects of electric vehicle charging demand on the electrical grids. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Behnam Khaki , Chicheng Chu , Rajit Gadh

For electrifying the transportation sector, deploying a strategically planned and efficient charging infrastructure is essential. This paper presents a two-phase approach for electric vehicle (EV) charger deployment that integrates spatial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Harshal D. Kaushik , Jingbo Wang , Roshni Anna Jacob , Jie Zhang

We propose a general two-period model where electrical vehicles (EVs) can reserve charging sessions in the day-ahead market and swap them in the real-time market. Under the model, we explore several candidate mechanisms for running the two…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Pan-Yang Su , Yi Ju , Scott Moura , Shankar Sastry

With the increase in adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs), proper utilization of the charging infrastructure is an emerging challenge for service providers. Overstaying of an EV after a charging event is a key contributor to low utilization.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Arpita Biswas , Ragavendran Gopalakrishnan , Partha Dutta

Recent proliferation in electric vehicles (EVs) are posing profound impacts over the operation of electrical grids. In particular, due to the physical constraints on charging stations' capacity and uncertainty in charging demand, it becomes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Yize Chen , Baosen Zhang

We study electric vehicle (EV) fleet and charging infrastructure planning in a spatial setting. With customer requests arriving continuously at rate $\lambda$ throughout the day, we determine the minimum number of vehicles and chargers for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Sushil Mahavir Varma , Francisco Castro , Siva Theja Maguluri

We present a customizable online optimization framework for real-time EV smart charging to be readily implemented at real large-scale charging facilities. Notably, due to real-world constraints, we designed our framework around 3 main…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Nathaniel Tucker , Mahnoosh Alizadeh

Many city residents cannot install their private electric vehicle (EV) chargers due to the lack of dedicated parking spaces or insufficient grid capacity. This presents a significant barrier towards large-scale EV adoption. To address this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Zhijie Lai , Sen Li

This paper models a non-cooperative game between two EV charging stations. One is a fixed-power charging station purchasing electricity from the grid at wholesale price and reselling the energy to EV owners at a higher retail price; the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Wenjing Shuai , Patrick Maillé , Alexander Pelov

The sustainable growth of EVs will have to be met with proportional growth in EV charging infrastructure. With limited urban spaces to place new charging stations, shrinking profitability, privately owned charging facilities need to be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Md Umar Hashmi , Mohammad Meraj Alam , Ony Lalaina Valerie Ramarozatovo , Mohammad Shadab Alam

Electric vehicles (EVs) add significant load on the power grid as they become widespread. The characteristics of this extra load follow the patterns of people's driving behaviours. In particular, random parameters such as arrival time and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Farshad Rassaei , Wee-Seng Soh , Kee-Chaing Chua

In the smart grid, the intent is to use flexibility in demand, both to balance demand and supply as well as to resolve potential congestion. A first prominent example of such flexible demand is the charging of electric vehicles, which do…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Mathijs de Weerdt , Michael Albert , Vincent Conitzer

The electrification of long-haul freight transport introduces several new challenges, such as the limited capacity and congestion at en-route charging infrastructure. To reduce waiting times during peak periods, this paper proposes a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Joas Kahlert , Ruiting Wang , Jonas Mårtensson

With the increasing number of fast-electric vehicle charging stations (fast-EVCSs) and the popularization of information technology, electricity price competition between fast-EVCSs is highly expected, in which the utilization of public…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Sangjun Bae , Balazs Kulcsar , Sebastien Gros

The number of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to increase. As a consequence, more EVs will need charging, potentially causing not only congestion at charging stations, but also in the distribution grid. Our goal is to illustrate how…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Angelos Aveklouris , Yorie Nakahira , Maria Vlasiou , Bert Zwart

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in sustainable ride-hailing services primarily due to their potential in reducing carbon emissions and enhancing environmental protection. Despite their significance, current research in the realm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Xiaoming Li , Chun Wang , Xiao Huang

Optimal scheduling of deferrable electrical loads can reshape the aggregated load profile to achieve higher operational efficiency and reliability. This paper studies deferrable load scheduling under demand charge that imposes a penalty on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Lei Yang , Xinbo Geng , Xiaohong Guan , Lang Tong

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) represents a critical shift in personal mobility, fueled by policy support and advancements in automotive technology. However, the expansion of EVs for long-distance travel is hindered by charging…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Jingbo Wang , Harshal D. Kaushik , Jie Zhang

A large fraction of the total electric load is comprised of end-use devices whose demand for energy is inherently deferrable in time. Of interest is the potential to leverage on such latent flexibility in demand to absorb variability in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-23 Eilyan Bitar , Yunjian Xu

Electric Vehicles (EVs), as their penetration increases, are not only challenging the sustainability of the power grid, but also stimulating and promoting its upgrading. Indeed, EVs can actively reinforce the development of the Smart Grid…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Wenjing Shuai , Patrick Maillé , Alexander Pelov
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