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Video question answering benefits from the rich information in videos, enabling various applications. However, the large volume of tokens generated from long videos presents challenges to memory efficiency and model performance. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yumeng Shi , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) represent images and video frames as visual tokens. Scaling from single images to hour-long videos, however, inflates the token budget far beyond practical limits. Popular pipelines therefore either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zirui Zhu , Hailun Xu , Yang Luo , Yong Liu , Kanchan Sarkar , Zhenheng Yang , Yang You

Long video understanding is a significant and ongoing challenge in the intersection of multimedia and artificial intelligence. Employing large language models (LLMs) for comprehending video becomes an emerging and promising method. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotain Hu , Min Zhang

Decoding from large language models (LLMs) typically relies on fixed sampling hyperparameters (e.g., temperature, top-p), despite substantial variation in task difficulty and uncertainty across prompts and individual decoding steps. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chloe H. Su , Zhe Ye , Samuel Tenka , Aidan Yang , Soonho Kong , Udaya Ghai

Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) have made significant strides in video understanding but struggle with long videos due to the limitations of their backbone LLMs. Existing solutions rely on length extrapolation, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiao Wang , Qingyi Si , Jianlong Wu , Shiyu Zhu , Li Cao , Liqiang Nie

Processing long videos with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) poses a significant computational challenge, as the model's self-attention mechanism scales quadratically with the number of video tokens, resulting in high computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kaibin Wang , Mingbao Lin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable strides, largely driven by their ability to process increasingly long and complex contexts, such as high-resolution images, extended video sequences, and lengthy audio input.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Kejia Zhang , Sicheng Feng , Mu Cai , Yuzhang Shang , Haoxuan You , Can Qin , Yang Sui , Huan Wang

As the computational needs of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) increase, visual token pruning has proven effective in improving inference speed and memory efficiency. Traditional pruning methods in LVLMs predominantly focus on attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bozhi Luan , Wengang Zhou , Hao Feng , Zhe Wang , Xiaosong Li , Houqiang Li

Processing long-form videos with Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) is computationally prohibitive. Current efficiency methods often compromise fine-grained perception through irreversible information disposal or inhibit long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Handong Li , Zikang Liu , Longteng Guo , Tongtian Yue , Yepeng Tang , Xinxin Zhu , Chuanyang Zheng , Ziming Wang , Zhibin Wang , Jun Song , Cheng Yu , Bo Zheng , Jing Liu

Recent advances in video-based multimodal large language models (Video-LLMs) have significantly improved video understanding by processing videos as sequences of image frames. However, many existing methods treat frames independently in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jindong Jiang , Xiuyu Li , Zhijian Liu , Muyang Li , Guo Chen , Zhiqi Li , De-An Huang , Guilin Liu , Zhiding Yu , Kurt Keutzer , Sungjin Ahn , Jan Kautz , Hongxu Yin , Yao Lu , Song Han , Wonmin Byeon

We propose AdapTok, an adaptive temporal causal video tokenizer that can flexibly allocate tokens for different frames based on video content. AdapTok is equipped with a block-wise masking strategy that randomly drops tail tokens of each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yan Li , Changyao Tian , Renqiu Xia , Ning Liao , Weiwei Guo , Junchi Yan , Hongsheng Li , Jifeng Dai , Hao Li , Xue Yang

Long video understanding poses a significant challenge for current Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Notably, the MLLMs are constrained by their limited context lengths and the substantial costs while processing long videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yan Shu , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Minghao Qin , Junjie Zhou , Zhengyang Liang , Tiejun Huang , Bo Zhao

Video Large Language Models (VLLMs) demonstrate strong video understanding but suffer from inefficiency due to redundant visual tokens. Existing pruning primary targets intra-frame spatial redundancy or prunes inside the LLM with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jinlong Li , Liyuan Jiang , Haonan Zhang , Nicu Sebe

Omni-modal large language models (om-LLMs) achieve unified audio-visual understanding by encoding video and audio into temporally aligned token sequences interleaved at the window level. However, processing these dense non-textual tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zijie Xin , Jie Yang , Ruixiang Zhao , Tianyi Wang , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Xirong Li

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (M-LLMs) show promising results in video reasoning. Popular Multi-Modal Large Language Model (M-LLM) frameworks usually apply naive uniform sampling to reduce the number of video frames…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kai Hu , Feng Gao , Xiaohan Nie , Peng Zhou , Son Tran , Tal Neiman , Lingyun Wang , Mubarak Shah , Raffay Hamid , Bing Yin , Trishul Chilimbi

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on vision-language understanding tasks, yet their inference efficiency is often hampered by the large number of visual tokens, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiafei Song , Fengwei Zhou , Jin Qu , Wenjin Jason Li , Tong Wu , Gengjian Xue , Zhikang Zhao , Daomin Wei , Yichao Lu , Bailin Na

Video large language models (Video-LLMs) face high computational costs due to large volumes of visual tokens. Existing token compression methods typically adopt a two-stage spatiotemporal compression strategy, relying on stage-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junhao Du , Jialong Xue , Anqi Li , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) achieve strong performance on video understanding tasks but suffer from high inference costs due to the large number of visual tokens. We propose KiToke, a training-free, query-agnostic token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haifeng Huang , Yang Li

The advancements in large language models (LLMs) have propelled the improvement of video understanding tasks by incorporating LLMs with visual models. However, most existing LLM-based models (e.g., VideoLLaMA, VideoChat) are constrained to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yuanbin Man , Ying Huang , Chengming Zhang , Bingzhe Li , Wei Niu , Miao Yin

Recent progress in multimodal large language models has markedly enhanced the understanding of short videos (typically under one minute), and several evaluation datasets have emerged accordingly. However, these advancements fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Weihan Wang , Zehai He , Wenyi Hong , Yean Cheng , Xiaohan Zhang , Ji Qi , Xiaotao Gu , Shiyu Huang , Bin Xu , Yuxiao Dong , Ming Ding , Jie Tang