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Artificial intelligence is reshaping scientific exploration, but most methods automate procedural tasks without engaging in scientific reasoning, limiting autonomy in discovery. We introduce Materials Agents for Simulation and Theory in…

Autonomous driving systems are typically verified based on scenarios. To represent the positions and movements of cars in these scenarios, diagrams that utilize icons are typically employed. However, the interpretation of such diagrams is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Toshiaki Aoki , Takashi Tomita , Tatsuji Kawai , Daisuke Kawakami , Nobuo Chida

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance human capabilities, assisting with digital tasks from sending emails to performing data analysis. The abilities of existing LLMs at such tasks are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hongjin Su , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Pengcheng Yin , Tao Yu , Sercan Ö. Arık

Time series forecasting is a challenging task with applications in a wide range of domains. Auto-regression is one of the most common approaches to address these problems. Accordingly, observations are modelled by multiple regression using…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-15 Vitor Cerqueira , Nuno Moniz , Carlos Soares

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating visually realistic and semantically coherent images. However, they still suffer from randomness and inconsistency with the given prompts, particularly when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Kaishen Wang , Ruibo Chen , Tong Zheng , Heng Huang

Self-Taught Reasoners (STaR), synonymously known as Rejection sampling Fine-Tuning (RFT), is an integral part of the training pipeline of self-improving reasoning Language Models (LMs). The self-improving mechanism often employs random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Woosung Koh , Wonbeen Oh , Jaein Jang , MinHyung Lee , Hyeongjin Kim , Ah Yeon Kim , Joonkee Kim , Junghyun Lee , Taehyeon Kim , Se-Young Yun

Large language models (LLMs) are now available from cloud API providers in various sizes and configurations. While this diversity offers a broad spectrum of choices, effectively leveraging the options to optimize computational cost and…

We present an end-to-end, model-based deep reinforcement learning agent which dynamically attends to relevant parts of its state during planning. The agent uses a bottleneck mechanism over a set-based representation to force the number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Mingde Zhao , Zhen Liu , Sitao Luan , Shuyuan Zhang , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

Constitutional AI is a method to oversee and control LLMs based on a set of rules written in natural language. These rules are typically written by human experts, but could in principle be learned automatically given sufficient training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Rushil Thareja , Gautam Gupta , Francesco Pinto , Nils Lukas

We consider an unsupervised classifying agent that evolves by enforcing self-consistency of its labels under continual exposure to a data-generating environment. Because the agent's predictions feed back into its own regularized updates,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-09-30 Sebastiano Ariosto , Jerome Garnier-Brun , Luca Saglietti , Davide Straziota

While existing text-to-speech (TTS) models exhibit high expressiveness, fine-grained control over composite instructions remains challenging due to the structural mismatch between discrete textual intents and continuous acoustic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bin Kang , Shaoguo Wen , Yang Fan , Shunlong Wu , Junjie Wang , Yulin Li , Junzhi Zhao , Junle Wang , Zhuotao Tian

Automated machine learning (AutoML) systems aim to enable training machine learning (ML) models for non-ML experts. A shortcoming of these systems is that when they fail to produce a model with high accuracy, the user has no path to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Behnaz Arzani , Kevin Hsieh , Haoxian Chen

One core capability of large language models (LLMs) is to follow natural language instructions. However, the issue of automatically constructing high-quality training data to enhance the complex instruction-following abilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Guanting Dong , Keming Lu , Chengpeng Li , Tingyu Xia , Bowen Yu , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various real-world tasks. However, they often struggle to fully comprehend and effectively utilize their input contexts, resulting in responses that are unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Qingru Zhang , Xiaodong Yu , Chandan Singh , Xiaodong Liu , Liyuan Liu , Jianfeng Gao , Tuo Zhao , Dan Roth , Hao Cheng

We present RoboPhD, a system where AI agents autonomously conduct research to improve Text-to-SQL performance. RoboPhD implements a closed-loop evolution cycle with two coordinated components: a SQL Generation agent composed of a database…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Andrew Borthwick , Stephen Ash

Recent advances in end-to-end autonomous driving show that policies trained on patch-aligned features extracted from foundation models generalize better to Out-of-Distribution (OOD). We hypothesize that due to the self-attention mechanism,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Amir Mallak , Erfan Aasi , Shiva Sreeram , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Daniela Rus , Alaa Maalouf

Model predictive control (MPC) has been successful in applications involving the control of complex physical systems. This class of controllers leverages the information provided by an approximate model of the system's dynamics to simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Rel Guzman , Rafael Oliveira , Fabio Ramos

As chemical plants evolve towards full autonomy, the need for effective fault handling and control in dynamic, unpredictable environments becomes increasingly critical. This paper proposes an innovative approach to industrial automation,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Javal Vyas , Mehmet Mercangöz

Deep learning models have achieved great success in recent years but progress in some domains like cybersecurity is stymied due to a paucity of realistic datasets. Organizations are reluctant to share such data, even internally, due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Shengzhe Xu , Manish Marwah , Martin Arlitt , Naren Ramakrishnan

As autonomous vehicles (AVs) take on growing Operational Design Domains (ODDs), they need to go through a systematic, transparent, and scalable evaluation process to demonstrate their benefits to society. Current scenario sampling…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Anne Collin , Amitai Y. Bin-Nun , Radboud Duintjer Tebbens