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In many real-world problems, a team of agents need to collaborate to maximize the common reward. Although existing works formulate this problem into a centralized learning with decentralized execution framework, which avoids the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Liheng Chen , Hongyi Guo , Yali Du , Fei Fang , Haifeng Zhang , Yaoming Zhu , Ming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Qing Wang , Yong Yu

The Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm has gained significant attention in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and is the foundation of many recent algorithms. However, decentralized policies operate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhuofan Xu , Benedikt Bollig , Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak , Vincent Le Dréau

Decentralized online learning for seeking generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) of noncooperative games in dynamic environments is studied in this paper. Each player aims at selfishly minimizing its own time-varying cost function subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-14 Min Meng , Xiuxian Li , Yiguang Hong , Jie Chen , Long Wang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is inherently multi-objective: different users and evaluation criteria impose heterogeneous and often conflicting requirements on model outputs. We propose CAGE (Common-Agency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Baiting Chen , Tong Zhu , Rui Yu , Xiaowu Dai

Learning in games provides a powerful framework to design control policies for self-interested agents that may be coupled through their dynamics, costs, or constraints. We consider the case where the dynamics of the coupled system can be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Mostafa M. Shibl , Vijay Gupta

Despite the increasing interest in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in multiple communities, understanding its theoretical foundation has long been recognized as a challenging problem. In this work, we address this problem by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Han Liu , Tong Zhang , Tamer Başar

Identification and analysis of symmetrical patterns in the natural world have led to significant discoveries across various scientific fields, such as the formulation of gravitational laws in physics and advancements in the study of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang

Computing Nash equilibria of zero-sum games in classical and quantum settings is extensively studied. For general-sum games, computing Nash equilibria is PPAD-hard and the computing of a more general concept called correlated equilibria has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Tongyang Li , Xinzhao Wang , Yexin Zhang

Current approximate Coarse Correlated Equilibria (CCE) algorithms struggle with equilibrium approximation for games in large stochastic environments but are theoretically guaranteed to converge to a strong solution concept. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ryan Yu , Mateusz Nowak , Qintong Xie , Michelle Yilin Feng , Peter Chin

We study multi-agent general-sum Markov games with nonlinear function approximation. We focus on low-rank Markov games whose transition matrix admits a hidden low-rank structure on top of an unknown non-linear representation. The goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chengzhuo Ni , Yuda Song , Xuezhou Zhang , Chi Jin , Mengdi Wang

A recent emerging trend in the literature on learning in games has been concerned with providing faster learning dynamics for correlated and coarse correlated equilibria in normal-form games. Much less is known about the significantly more…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Andrea Celli , Tuomas Sandholm

Existing settings of decentralized learning either require players to have full information or the system to have certain special structure that may be hard to check and hinder their applicability to practical systems. To overcome this, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Yan Jiang , Wenqi Cui , Baosen Zhang , Jorge Cortés

We consider model-based multi-agent reinforcement learning, where the environment transition model is unknown and can only be learned via expensive interactions with the environment. We propose H-MARL (Hallucinated Multi-Agent Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Maryam Kamgarpour , Andreas Krause

We examine global non-asymptotic convergence properties of policy gradient methods for multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) problems in Markov potential games (MPG). To learn a Nash equilibrium of an MPG in which the size of state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Dongsheng Ding , Chen-Yu Wei , Kaiqing Zhang , Mihailo R. Jovanović

No-regret learning has a long history of being closely connected to game theory. Recent works have devised uncoupled no-regret learning dynamics that, when adopted by all the players in normal-form games, converge to various equilibrium…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Weichao Mao , Haoran Qiu , Chen Wang , Hubertus Franke , Zbigniew Kalbarczyk , Tamer Başar

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from the non-stationarity problem, which is the ever-changing targets at every iteration when multiple agents update their policies at the same time. Starting from first principle, in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Chuming Li , Jie Liu , Yinmin Zhang , Yuhong Wei , Yazhe Niu , Yaodong Yang , Yu Liu , Wanli Ouyang

Markov games (MGs) provide a mathematical foundation for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), enabling self-interested agents to learn their optimal policies while interacting with others in a shared environment. However, due to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Huiwen Yan , Mushuang Liu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is often modeled using the framework of Markov games (also called stochastic games or dynamic games). Most of the existing literature on MARL concentrates on zero-sum Markov games but is not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jayakumar Subramanian , Amit Sinha , Aditya Mahajan

We study constrained general-sum stochastic games with unknown Markovian dynamics. A distributed constrained no-regret Q-learning scheme (CNRQ) is presented to guarantee convergence to the set of stationary correlated equilibria of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Vesal Hakami , Mehdi Dehghan

We address the generalized Nash equilibrium seeking problem for a population of agents playing aggregative games with affine coupling constraints. We focus on semi-decentralized communication architectures, where there is a central…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-16 Giuseppe Belgioioso , Sergio Grammatico
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