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Machine learning and deep learning models have become essential in the recent fast development of artificial intelligence in many sectors of the society. It is now widely acknowledge that the development of these models has an environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Lucia Bouza Heguerte , Aurélie Bugeau , Loïc Lannelongue

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in the last decade have largely been built upon the wide applications of deep learning (DL). However, the high carbon footprint yielded by larger and larger DL networks becomes a concern for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 C. -C. Jay Kuo , Azad M. Madni

Currently, the world experiences an unprecedentedly increasing generation of application data, from sensor measurements to video streams, thanks to the extreme connectivity capability provided by 5G networks. Going beyond 5G technology,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-21 Mattia Merluzzi , Miltiadis C. Filippou , Leonardo Gomes Baltar , Emilio Calvanese Strinati

By providing unprecedented access to computational resources, cloud computing has enabled rapid growth in technologies such as machine learning, the computational demands of which incur a high energy cost and a commensurate carbon…

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified cybersecurity challenges, particularly in mitigating Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks at the network edge. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Saeid Jamshidi , Foutse Khomh , Kawser Wazed Nafi , Amin Nikanjam , Samira Keivanpour , Omar Abdul-Wahab , Martine Bellaiche

The massive growth in the utilization of edge AI has made the applications of machine learning models ubiquitous in different domains. Despite the computation and communication efficiency of these systems, due to limited computation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Zhongwei Cheng , Lin Chen

Recent advances in deep learning, whether on discriminative or generative tasks have been beneficial for various applications, among which security and defense. However, their increasing computational demands during training and deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Karim Haroun , Aya Zitouni , Aicha Zenakhri , Meriem Amel Guessoum , Larbi Boubchir

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training over privacy-sensitive, distributed data, but its environmental impact is difficult to compare across studies due to inconsistent measurement boundaries and heterogeneous…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Austin Tapp , Holger R. Roth , Ziyue Xu , Abhijeet Parida , Hareem Nisar , Marius George Linguraru

The energy demand of modern cloud services, particularly those related to generative AI, is increasing at an unprecedented pace. To date, carbon-aware computing strategies have primarily focused on batch process scheduling or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Philipp Wiesner , Dennis Grinwald , Philipp Weiß , Patrick Wilhelm , Ramin Khalili , Odej Kao

A novel energy-efficient edge computing paradigm is proposed for real-time deep learning-based image upsampling applications. State-of-the-art deep learning solutions for image upsampling are currently trained using either resize or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Ian Colbert , Ken Kreutz-Delgado , Srinjoy Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable real-time function calling in edge AI systems but introduce significant computational overhead, leading to high power consumption and carbon emissions. Existing methods optimize for performance while…

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

Edge machine learning can deliver low-latency and private artificial intelligent (AI) services for mobile devices by leveraging computation and storage resources at the network edge. This paper presents an energy-efficient edge processing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Kai Yang , Yuanming Shi , Wei Yu , Zhi Ding

The energy consumption of deep learning models is increasing at a breathtaking rate, which raises concerns due to potential negative effects on carbon neutrality in the context of global warming and climate change. With the progress of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Bo Li , Xinyang Jiang , Donglin Bai , Yuge Zhang , Ningxin Zheng , Xuanyi Dong , Lu Liu , Yuqing Yang , Dongsheng Li

Terrestrial carbon fluxes provide vital information about our biosphere's health and its capacity to absorb anthropogenic CO$_2$ emissions. The importance of predicting carbon fluxes has led to the emerging field of data-driven carbon flux…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Matthew Fortier , Mats L. Richter , Oliver Sonnentag , Chris Pal

Deep learning (DL) models have emerged as a promising solution for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, due to their computational complexity, DL models consume significant amounts of energy, which can rapidly drain the battery and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Marcello Bullo , Seifallah Jardak , Pietro Carnelli , Deniz Gündüz

Despite impressive results, deep learning-based technologies also raise severe privacy and environmental concerns induced by the training procedure often conducted in data centers. In response, alternatives to centralized training such as…

Reducing our reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources is vital for reducing the carbon footprint of the electric grid. Although the grid is seeing increasing deployments of clean, renewable sources of energy, a significant portion of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Rishikesh Jha , Stephen Lee , Srinivasan Iyengar , Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Barroso's seminal contributions in energy-proportional warehouse-scale computing launched an era where modern datacenters have become more energy efficient and cost effective than ever before. At the same time, modern AI applications have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Carole-Jean Wu , Bilge Acun , Ramya Raghavendra , Kim Hazelwood

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly pervasive across domains, with ever more complex models delivering impressive predictive performance. This fast technological advancement however comes at a concerning environmental cost, with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Emilio Cruciani , Roberto Verdecchia