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Over the past decade, deep learning models have exhibited considerable advancements, reaching or even exceeding human-level performance in a range of visual perception tasks. This remarkable progress has sparked interest in applying deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yulin Wang , Yizeng Han , Chaofei Wang , Shiji Song , Qi Tian , Gao Huang

Edge computing facilitates deep learning in resource-constrained environments, but challenges such as resource heterogeneity and dynamic constraints persist. This paper introduces AMP4EC, an Adaptive Model Partitioning framework designed to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Guilin Zhang , Wulan Guo , Ziqi Tan , Hailong Jiang

The widespread use of AI services has raised concerns for its environmental sustainability, towards which recent studies have identified carbon emissions of AI inference as the major contributor. This paper introduces a framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Vasilios A. Siris , Adamantia Stamou , George D. Stamoulis , Konstantinos Varsos , Ramin Khalili

Generative AI is spreading rapidly, creating significant social and economic value while also raising concerns about its high energy use and environmental sustainability. While prior studies have predominantly focused on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Min-Kyu Kim , Tae-An Yoo , Ji-Bum Chung

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) continue to drive advancements in artificial intelligence, the design of hardware accelerators faces growing concerns over embodied carbon footprint due to complex fabrication processes. 3D integration…

Environmental monitoring is a crucial component of the smart city infrastructure. It enables informed decision making which enhances sustainability, public health and urban planning. However, the large-scale deployments of the smart sensors…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yichen Liu , Imam Akintomiwa Akinlade , Xiaochong Jiang , Wenting Yang , Shiqi Yang

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Deep learning (DL) can achieve impressive results across a wide variety of tasks, but this often comes at the cost of training models for extensive periods on specialized hardware accelerators. This energy-intensive workload has seen…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Lasse F. Wolff Anthony , Benjamin Kanding , Raghavendra Selvan

As edge AI deployments scale to billions of devices running always-on, real-time compound AI pipelines, they represent a massive and largely unmanaged source of energy consumption and carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions while…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Kang Yang , Walid A. Hanafy , Prashant Shenoy , Mani Srivastava

The rapid expansion of data centers (DCs) has intensified energy and carbon footprint, incurring a massive environmental computing cost. While carbon-aware workload migration strategies have been examined, existing approaches often overlook…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Yichao Zhang , Yubo Song , Subham Sahoo

Deep learning has experienced significant growth in recent years, resulting in increased energy consumption and carbon emission from the use of GPUs for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Answering the call for sustainability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Zhenning Yang , Luoxi Meng , Jae-Won Chung , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Modern AI practices all strive towards the same goal: better results. In the context of deep learning, the term "results" often refers to the achieved accuracy on a competitive problem set. In this paper, we adopt an idea from the emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Tim Yarally , Luís Cruz , Daniel Feitosa , June Sallou , Arie van Deursen

Large language models (LLMs) require substantial computational resources, leading to significant carbon emissions and operational costs. Although training is energy-intensive, the long-term environmental burden arises from inference,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kolichala Rajashekar , Nafiseh Sharghivand , Radu Prodan , Reza Farahani

This paper presents a solution to the challenge of mitigating carbon emissions from hosting large-scale machine learning (ML) inference services. ML inference is critical to modern technology products, but it is also a significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Baolin Li , Siddharth Samsi , Vijay Gadepally , Devesh Tiwari

Industrial carbon emissions are a major driver of climate change, yet modeling these emissions is challenging due to multicollinearity among factors and complex interdependencies across sectors and time. We propose a novel graph-based deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Xuanming Zhang

IoT and edge-based inference systems require unique solutions to overcome resource limitations and unpredictable environments. In this paper, we propose an environment-aware dynamic pruning system that handles the unpredictability of edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Austin O'Quinn , Conor Snedeker , Siyuan Zhang , Jenna Kline

Recent advances in distributed learning raise environmental concerns due to the large energy needed to train and move data to/from data centers. Novel paradigms, such as federated learning (FL), are suitable for decentralized model training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Stefano Savazzi , Sanaz Kianoush , Vittorio Rampa , Mehdi Bennis

The rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) in the software development life cycle (SDLC) increases computational demand, which can raise the carbon footprint of development activities. At the same time, organizations are increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mateen A. Abbasi , Tommi J. Mikkonen , Petri J. Ihantola , Muhammad Waseem , Pekka Abrahamsson , Niko K. Mäkitalo

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi

With the rapid upsurge of deep learning tasks at the network edge, effective edge artificial intelligence (AI) inference becomes critical to provide low-latency intelligent services for mobile users via leveraging the edge computing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Xiangyu Yang , Sheng Hua , Yuanming Shi , Hao Wang , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief