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As super-resolution (SR) techniques advance, we observe a growing distrust of evaluation metrics in recent SR research. An inconsistency often emerges between certain evaluation criteria and human perceptual preference. Although current SR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shaolin Su , Josep M. Rocafort , Danna Xue , David Serrano-Lozano , Lei Sun , Javier Vazquez-Corral

Ultrasound and radar signals are highly beneficial for medical imaging as they are non-invasive and non-ionizing. Traditional imaging techniques have limitations in terms of contrast and physical interpretation. Quantitative medical imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Tom Sharon , Yonina C. Eldar

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been the cornerstone of clinical evidence; however, their cost, duration, and restrictive eligibility criteria limit power and external validity. Studies using real-world data (RWD), historically…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-26 Shu Yang , Margaret Gamalo , Haoda Fu

The integration of real-world data (RWD) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) is increasingly important for advancing causal inference in scientific research. This combination holds great promise for enhancing the efficiency of causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Xi Lin , Jens Magelund Tarp , Robin J. Evans

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) requires multi-phase acqui-sition, often relying on reduced data sampling and reconstruction algorithms to accelerate scans, which inherently poses an ill-posed inverse problem. While many…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Haozhong Sun , Zhongsen Li , Chenlin Du , Haokun Li , Yajie Wang , Huijun Chen

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (qMRI) provides researchers insight into pathological and physiological alterations of living tissue, with the help of which researchers hope to predict (local) therapeutic efficacy early and…

Applications · Statistics 2008-07-30 Xiaoxi Zhang , Timothy D. Johnson , Roderick J. A. Little , Yue Cao

Quantitative MRI (qMRI) refers to a class of MRI methods for quantifying the spatial distribution of biological tissue parameters. Traditional qMRI methods usually deal separately with artifacts arising from accelerated data acquisition,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-21 Xiaojian Xu , Weijie Gan , Satya V. V. N. Kothapalli , Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

In this paper, we study extended linear regression approaches for quantum state tomography based on regularization techniques. For unknown quantum states represented by density matrices, performing measurements under certain basis yields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-29 Biqiang Mu , Hongsheng Qi , Ian R. Petersen , Guodong Shi

We focus on the problem of generalizing a causal effect estimated on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to a target population described by a set of covariates from observational data. Available methods such as inverse propensity sampling…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-27 Imke Mayer , Julie Josse , Traumabase Group

Quantile Regression (QR) can be used to estimate aleatoric uncertainty in deep neural networks and can generate prediction intervals. Quantifying uncertainty is particularly important in critical applications such as clinical diagnosis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Haleh Akrami , Omar Zamzam , Anand Joshi , Sergul Aydore , Richard Leahy

Regression analysis is a standard supervised machine learning method used to model an outcome variable in terms of a set of predictor variables. In most real-world applications we do not know the true value of the outcome variable being…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-10 Henri Tiittanen , Emilia Oikarinen , Andreas Henelius , Kai Puolamäki

Poor performance of quantitative analysis in histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSI) has been a significant obstacle in clinical practice. Annotating large-scale WSIs manually is a demanding and time-consuming task, unlikely to yield the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Sarah Cechnicka , James Ball , Hadrien Reynaud , Callum Arthurs , Candice Roufosse , Bernhard Kainz

Deep neural networks have been very successful in image estimation applications such as compressive-sensing and image restoration, as a means to estimate images from partial, blurry, or otherwise degraded measurements. These networks are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Zhihao Xia , Ayan Chakrabarti

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) formalize medical decision-making as a sequence of rules for different stages, mapping patient-level information to recommended treatments. In practice, estimating an optimal DTR using observational data…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-11 Jian Sun , Bo Fu , Li Su

Due to its strong interpretability, linear regression is widely used in social science, from which significance test provides the significance level of models or coefficients in the traditional statistical inference. However, linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Jiaye Teng , Yang Yuan

This article quantifies the uncertainty reduction achievable for \textit{counterfactual} estimand, and cautions against potential bias when the estimand uses Digital Twins. Posed by Neyman (1923a) who showed unbiased \textit{point…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Xingya Wang , Yang Han , Yushi Liu , Szu-Yu Tang , Jason C. Hsu

Estimating treatment effects is one of the most challenging and important tasks of data analysts. In many applications, like online marketing and personalized medicine, treatment needs to be allocated to the individuals where it yields a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-19 Björn Bokelmann , Stefan Lessmann

This paper proposes a set of criteria to evaluate the objectiveness of explanation methods of neural networks, which is crucial for the development of explainable AI, but it also presents significant challenges. The core challenge is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Hao Zhang , Jiayi Chen , Haotian Xue , Quanshi Zhang

Quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods allow reducing the subjectivity of clinical MRI by providing numerical values on which diagnostic assessment or predictions of tissue properties can be based. However, qMRI measurements typically take more…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Matti Hanhela , Antti Paajanen , Mikko J. Nissi , Ville Kolehmainen

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue contrast and is widely used in biomedicine. However, conventional MRI is not quantitative, which presents a bottleneck in image analysis and digital healthcare. Typically,…