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We focus on the problem of \emph{Answer-Level Fine-Tuning} (ALFT), where the goal is to optimize a language model based on the correctness or properties of its final answers, rather than the specific reasoning traces used to produce them.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mehryar Mohri , Jon Schneider , Yifan Wu

In this paper, we propose a distributed primal-dual algorithm for computation of a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in noncooperative games over network systems. In the considered game, not only each player's local objective function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-10 Peng Yi , Lacra Pavel

Many models from a variety of areas involve the computation of an equilibrium or fixed point of some kind. Examples include Nash equilibria in games; market equilibria; computing optimal strategies and the values of competitive games…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Mihalis Yannakakis

This paper is devoted to studying the stability properties of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solution mapping $S_{\rm KKT}$ for Nash equilibrium problems (NEPs) with canonical perturbations. Firstly, we obtain an exact characterization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Ruoyu Diao , Yu-Hong Dai , Liwei Zhang

Nash equilibrium serves as a fundamental mathematical tool in economics and game theory. However, it classically assumes knowledge of player utilities, whereas economics generally regards preferences as more fundamental. To leverage…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ian Gemp , Crystal Qian , Marc Lanctot , Kate Larson

Nash equilibria and Pareto optimality are two distinct concepts when dealing with multiple criteria. It is well known that the two concepts do not coincide. However, in this work we show that it is possible to characterize the set of all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-12 Zachary Feinstein , Birgit Rudloff

In evolutionary game theory, it is customary to be partial to the dynamical models possessing fixed points so that they may be understood as the attainment of evolutionary stability, and hence, Nash equilibrium. Any show of periodic or…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-23 Archan Mukhopadhyay , Sagar Chakraborty

We consider potential games with mixed-integer variables, for which we propose two distributed, proximal-like equilibrium seeking algorithms. Specifically, we focus on two scenarios: i) the underlying game is generalized ordinal and the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Filippo Fabiani , Barbara Franci , Simone Sagratella , Martin Schmidt , Mathias Staudigl

We introduce a new algorithm for the numerical computation of Nash equilibria of competitive two-player games. Our method is a natural generalization of gradient descent to the two-player setting where the update is given by the Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

Multi-leader multi-follower games are a class of hierarchical games in which a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. The resulting equilibrium…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-08-27 Ankur A. Kulkarni , Uday V. Shanbhag

It is known that the generalized Nash equilibrium problem can be reformulated as a quasivariational inequality. Our aim in this work is to introduce a variational approach to study the existence of solutions for generalized ordinal Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Orestes Bueno , John Cotrina , Yboon García

We study Markov potential games under the infinite horizon average reward criterion. Most previous studies have been for discounted rewards. We prove that both algorithms based on independent policy gradient and independent natural policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Min Cheng , Ruida Zhou , P. R. Kumar , Chao Tian

We propose, analyze, and test a proximal-gradient method for solving regularized optimization problems with general constraints. The method employs a decomposition strategy to compute trial steps and uses a merit function to determine step…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Frank E. Curtis , Xiaoyi Qu , Daniel P. Robinson

The multi-cluster games are addressed in this paper, where all players team up with the players in the cluster that they belong to, and compete against the players in other clusters to minimize the cost function of their own cluster. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-19 Zhenhua Deng , Yan Zhao

Partially Observable Markov Games (POMGs) provide a general framework for modeling multi-agent sequential decision-making under asymmetric information. A common approach is to reformulate a POMG as a fully observable Markov game over belief…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Lan Sang , Chinmay Maheshwari

We consider a dynamical approach to sequential games. By restricting the convertibility relation over strategy profiles, we obtain a semi-potential (in the sense of Kukushkin), and we show that in finite games the corresponding restriction…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Stéphane Le Roux , Arno Pauly

We study the problem of finding the Nash equilibrium in a two-player zero-sum Markov game. Due to its formulation as a minimax optimization program, a natural approach to solve the problem is to perform gradient descent/ascent with respect…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg

Observable games are game situations that reach one of possibly many Nash equilibria. Before an instance of the game starts, an external observer does not know, a priori, what is the exact profile of actions that will occur; thus, he…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Sandro Preto , Eduardo Fermé , Marcelo Finger

In this paper, we solve the problem of learning a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in merely monotone games. First, we propose a novel continuous semi-decentralized solution algorithm without projections that uses first-order information…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Suad Krilašević , Sergio Grammatico

As demonstrated by Ratliff et al. (2014), inverse optimization can be used to recover the objective function parameters of players in multi-player Nash games. These games involve the optimization problems of multiple players in which the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Stephanie Allen , John P. Dickerson , Steven A. Gabriel