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Multimodal remote sensing classification often suffers from missing modalities caused by sensor failures and environmental interference, leading to severe performance degradation. In this work, we rethink missing-modality learning from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qinghao Gao , Jiahui Qu , Wenqian Dong

Variational Autoencoders for multimodal data hold promise for many tasks in data analysis, such as representation learning, conditional generation, and imputation. Current architectures either share the encoder output, decoder input, or…

Developing effective multimodal data fusion strategies has become increasingly essential for improving the predictive power of statistical machine learning methods across a wide range of applications, from autonomous driving to medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ziyi Liang , Annie Qu , Babak Shahbaba

The missing modality problem poses a fundamental challenge in multimodal sentiment analysis, significantly degrading model accuracy and generalization in real world scenarios. Existing approaches primarily improve robustness through prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Rongfei Chen , Tingting Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Wei Zhang

Unsupervised anomaly segmentation aims to detect patterns that are distinct from any patterns processed during training, commonly called abnormal or out-of-distribution patterns, without providing any associated manual segmentations. Since…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Ziyun Liang , Harry Anthony , Felix Wagner , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Multi-modal data-sets are ubiquitous in modern applications, and multi-modal Variational Autoencoders are a popular family of models that aim to learn a joint representation of the different modalities. However, existing approaches suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mustapha Bounoua , Giulio Franzese , Pietro Michiardi

The missing modality issue is critical but non-trivial to be solved by multi-modal models. Current methods aiming to handle the missing modality problem in multi-modal tasks, either deal with missing modalities only during evaluation or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Hu Wang , Yuanhong Chen , Congbo Ma , Jodie Avery , Louise Hull , Gustavo Carneiro

Multimodal learning has shown great potentials in numerous scenes and attracts increasing interest recently. However, it often encounters the problem of missing modality data and thus suffers severe performance degradation in practice. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Shicai Wei , Yang Luo , Chunbo Luo

Multi-modal medical images provide complementary soft-tissue characteristics that aid in the screening and diagnosis of diseases. However, limited scanning time, image corruption and various imaging protocols often result in incomplete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Yue Zhang , Chengtao Peng , Qiuli Wang , Dan Song , Kaiyan Li , S. Kevin Zhou

Multi-modal stance detection (MSD) aims to determine an author's stance toward a given target using both textual and visual content. While recent methods leverage multi-modal fusion and prompt-based learning, most fail to distinguish…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhiyu Xie , Fuqiang Niu , Genan Dai , Qianlong Wang , Li Dong , Bowen Zhang , Hu Huang

Multimodal clinical prediction faces three challenges: multiple foundation models (FMs) with complementary strengths per modality, pervasive missing modalities at training and test time, and sample-specific variation in modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Seungik Cho , Anqi Li , Wei Qiu

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful tool to solve the weakly supervised classification in whole slide image (WSI) based pathology diagnosis. However, the current MIL methods are usually based on independent and identical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Zhuchen Shao , Hao Bian , Yang Chen , Yifeng Wang , Jian Zhang , Xiangyang Ji , Yongbing Zhang

With the widespread adoption of millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) in vehicular networks, accurate beam prediction and alignment have become critical for high-speed data transmission and reliable access. While…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Chenyiming Wen , Binpu Shi , Min Li , Ming-Min Zhao , Min-Jian Zhao , Jiangzhou Wang

Unsupervised pre-training has emerged as a transformative paradigm, displaying remarkable advancements in various domains. However, the susceptibility to domain shift, where pre-training data distribution differs from fine-tuning, poses a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Abhiroop Talasila , Maitreya Maity , U. Deva Priyakumar

Missing modality issues are common in real-world applications, arising from factors such as equipment failures and privacy concerns. When fine-tuning pre-trained models on downstream datasets with missing modalities, performance can degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zirun Guo , Shulei Wang , Wang Lin , Weicai Yan , Yangyang Wu , Tao Jin

Healthcare relies on multiple types of data, such as medical images, genetic information, and clinical records, to improve diagnosis and treatment. However, missing data is a common challenge due to privacy restrictions, cost, and technical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Nazanin Moradinasab , Saurav Sengupta , Jiebei Liu , Sana Syed , Donald E. Brown

We aim to develop a fundamental understanding of modality collapse, a recently observed empirical phenomenon wherein models trained for multimodal fusion tend to rely only on a subset of the modalities, ignoring the rest. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Abhra Chaudhuri , Anjan Dutta , Tu Bui , Serban Georgescu

Prognostic information is essential for decision-making in breast cancer management. Recently trials have predominantly focused on genomic prognostication tools, even though clinicopathological prognostication is less costly and more widely…

Previously, non-autoregressive models were widely perceived as being superior in generation efficiency but inferior in generation quality due to the difficulties of modeling multiple target modalities. To enhance the multi-modality modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Lihua Qian , Mingxuan Wang , Yang Liu , Hao Zhou

Integrating heterogeneous modalities such as histopathology and genomics is central to advancing survival analysis, yet most existing methods prioritize cross-modal alignment through attention-based fusion mechanisms, often at the expense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenjing Liu , Qin Ren , Wen Zhang , Yuewei Lin , Chenyu You