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In the ongoing quest for hybridizing discrete reasoning with neural nets, there is an increasing interest in neural architectures that can learn how to solve discrete reasoning or optimization problems from natural inputs, a task that Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Marianne Defresne , Romain Gambardella , Sophie Barbe , Thomas Schiex

Recommender Systems (RS) shape the filtering and curation of online content, yet we have limited understanding of how predictable their recommendation outputs are. We propose data-driven metrics that quantify the predictability of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Andrés Abeliuk , Alfonso Valderrama , Simón Campos , Marcelo Mendoza

A sliding puzzle is a combination puzzle where a player slide pieces along certain routes on a board to reach a certain end-configuration. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement of complexity of massive sliding puzzles with…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ruo Ando , Yoshiyasu Takefuji

Mathematical reasoning---a core ability within human intelligence---presents some unique challenges as a domain: we do not come to understand and solve mathematical problems primarily on the back of experience and evidence, but on the basis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 David Saxton , Edward Grefenstette , Felix Hill , Pushmeet Kohli

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many supervised tasks but often struggle with structured reasoning in unfamiliar settings. This discrepancy suggests that standard fine-tuning pipelines may instill narrow, domain-specific heuristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zhen Hao Wong , Jingwen Deng , Runming He , Zirong Chen , Qijie You , Hejun Dong , Hao Liang , Chengyu Shen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable emergent capabilities, yet the robustness of their numerical reasoning remains an open question. While standard benchmarks evaluate LLM reasoning on complex problem sets using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Roussel Rahman , Aashwin Ananda Mishra

In this competition, participants will address two fundamental causal challenges in machine learning in the context of education using time-series data. The first is to identify the causal relationships between different constructs, where a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Wenbo Gong , Digory Smith , Zichao Wang , Craig Barton , Simon Woodhead , Nick Pawlowski , Joel Jennings , Cheng Zhang

Existing reasoning datasets saturate and fail to test abstract, multi-step problems, especially pathfinding and complex rule constraint satisfaction. We introduce SPaRC (Spatial Pathfinding Reasoning Challenge), a dataset of 1,000 2D grid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Mixed integer sets have a strong modeling capacity to describe practical systems. Nevertheless, incorporating a mixed integer set often renders an optimization formulation drastically more challenging to compute. In this paper, we study how…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Wei Wang , Bo Zeng

We initiate the study of structured Stackelberg games, a novel form of strategic interaction between a leader and a follower where contextual information can be predictive of the follower's (unknown) type. Motivated by applications such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Keegan Harris

Structured prediction problems are one of the fundamental tools in machine learning. In order to facilitate algorithm development for their numerical solution, we collect in one place a large number of datasets in easy to read formats for a…

Spatial puzzles composed of rigid objects, flexible strings and holes offer interesting domains for reasoning about spatial entities that are common in the human daily-life's activities. The goal of this work is to investigate the automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Thiago Freitas dos Santos , Paulo E. Santos , Leonardo A. Ferreira , Reinaldo A. C. Bianchi , Pedro Cabalar

Transformer-decoder language models are a core innovation in text based generative artificial intelligence. These models are being deployed as general-purpose intelligence systems in many applications. Central to their utility is the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 John Hawkins

Many recently trained neural networks employ large numbers of parameters to achieve good performance. One may intuitively use the number of parameters required as a rough gauge of the difficulty of a problem. But how accurate are such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Chunyuan Li , Heerad Farkhoor , Rosanne Liu , Jason Yosinski

Algorithmic reasoning is a fundamental cognitive ability that plays a pivotal role in problem-solving and decision-making processes. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable proficiency in tasks such as motor control,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Benjamin Estermann , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Yannick Niedermayr , Roger Wattenhofer

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

The Sudoku puzzle has achieved worldwide popularity recently, and attracted great attention of the computational intelligence community. Sudoku is always considered as Satisfiability Problem or Constraint Satisfaction Problem. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-11 Zhe Chen

Physical construction---the ability to compose objects, subject to physical dynamics, to serve some function---is fundamental to human intelligence. We introduce a suite of challenging physical construction tasks inspired by how children…

Game semantics describe the interactive behavior of proofs by interpreting formulas as games on which proofs induce strategies. Such a semantics is introduced here for capturing dependencies induced by quantifications in first-order…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-01-27 Samuel Mimram

This paper deals with computation trees over an arbitrary structure consisting of a set along with collections of functions and predicates that are defined on it. It is devoted to the comparative analysis of three parameters of problems…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Mikhail Moshkov