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The advent of large language models (LLMs), such as GPT, Gemini, and DeepSeek, has significantly advanced natural language processing, giving rise to sophisticated chatbots capable of diverse language-related tasks. The transition from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jiachen Zhu , Menghui Zhu , Renting Rui , Rong Shan , Congmin Zheng , Bo Chen , Yunjia Xi , Jianghao Lin , Weiwen Liu , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

The widespread adoption of conversational AI platforms has introduced new security and privacy risks. While these risks and their mitigation strategies have been extensively researched from a technical perspective, users' perceptions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mutahar Ali , Arjun Arunasalam , Habiba Farrukh

This study aims to understand the perceptions and opinions of academicians towards ChatGPT-3 by collecting and analyzing social media comments, and a survey was conducted with library and information science professionals. The research uses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Subaveerapandiyan A , Vinoth A , Neelam Tiwary

The integration of AI-driven support systems within online communities has opened new avenues for enhancing user engagement and support efficiency in recent years. This study investigates the differences in user interactions and engagement…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-27 He Zhang , Bumjin Kim , John M. Carroll , Jie Cai

Autoregressive language models, which use deep learning to produce human-like texts, have become increasingly widespread. Such models are powering popular virtual assistants in areas like smart health, finance, and autonomous driving. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Kaiping Chen , Anqi Shao , Jirayu Burapacheep , Yixuan Li

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has created a competitive landscape for AI-assisted programming tools. This study evaluates two leading models: ChatGPT 03-mini and DeepSeek-R1 on their ability to solve competitive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ronas Shakya , Sam Urmian , Mohammad Khalil

This study examines how four prominent large language models (Claude 3.7 Sonnet, GPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Flash, and Deepseek-V3) handle sexually oriented requests through qualitative content analysis. By evaluating responses to prompts ranging…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Huiqian Lai

ChatGPT and Bard are AI chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLM) that are slated to promise different applications in diverse areas. In education, these AI technologies have been tested for applications in assessment and teaching. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Abdolvahab Khademi

AI tools, particularly large-scale language model (LLM) based applications such as ChatGPT, have the potential to simplify qualitative research. Through semi-structured interviews with seventeen participants, we identified challenges and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-14 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , Yao Lyu , Jie Cai , John M. Carroll

Generative AI (genAI) tools, such as ChatGPT or Copilot, are advertised to improve developer productivity and are being integrated into software development. However, misaligned trust, skepticism, and usability concerns can impede the…

With the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic problem solving, university students frequently alternate between traditional search engines like Google and large language models (LLMs) for information retrieval.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi , Md. Sadman Haque , Zobaer Ibn Razzaque , Robiul Awoul Robin , Sabila Nawshin

The release of ChatGPT in 2022 triggered a rapid surge in generative artificial intelligence mobile apps (Gen-AI apps). Despite widespread adoption, little is known about how end users perceive and evaluate these Gen-AI functionalities. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Buthayna AlMulla , Maram Assi , Safwat Hassan

Recently, DeepSeek has been the focus of attention in and beyond the AI community. An interesting problem is how DeepSeek compares to other large language models (LLMs). There are many tasks an LLM can do, and in this paper, we use the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tianchen Gao , Jiashun Jin , Zheng Tracy Ke , Gabriel Moryoussef

AI companionship, where users develop emotional bonds with AI systems, has emerged as a significant pattern with positive but also concerning implications. We introduce Interactions and Machine Attachment Benchmark (INTIMA), a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lucie-Aimée Kaffee , Giada Pistilli , Yacine Jernite

Understanding how users authentically interact with Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge in human-computer interaction research. Most existing studies rely on self-reported usage patterns or controlled experimental…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Kalyani Khona

This mixed-methods inquiry examined four domains that shape university students' trust in ChatGPT: user attributes, seven delineated trust dimensions, task context, and perceived societal impact. Data were collected through a survey of 115…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kadija Bouyzourn , Alexandra Birch

AI-assisted usability analysis can potentially reduce the time and effort of finding usability problems, yet little is known about how AI's perceived expertise influences evaluators' analytic strategies and perceptions over time. We ran a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Emily Kuang , Ehsan Jahangirzadeh Soure , Luyao Shen , Nitesh Goyal , Mingming Fan , Kristen Shinohara

Following the widespread adoption of ChatGPT in early 2023, numerous studies reported that large language models (LLMs) can match or even surpass human performance in creative tasks. However, it remains unclear whether LLMs have become more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jennifer Haase , Paul H. P. Hanel , Sebastian Pokutta

Millions of users visit Stack Overflow regularly to ask community for answers to their programming questions. However, like many other platforms, Stack Overflow consistently struggles with low user retention and declining levels of user…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Denis Helic , Tiago Santos

Companion chatbots offer a potential solution to the growing epidemic of loneliness, but their impact on users' psychosocial well-being remains poorly understood, raising critical ethical questions about their deployment and design. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Auren R. Liu , Pat Pataranutaporn , Pattie Maes
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