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Related papers: Multi-Swing Transient Stability of Synchronous Gen…

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Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG), with the analogous nonlinear power-angle relationship to the synchronous generator (SG), has attracted much attention as a promising solution for converter-based power systems. In this paper, a large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Jiayue Lyu , Tianzhi Fang , Zhiheng Lin , Jingxue Han , Yantao Zhu

As electric power systems evolve towards decarbonization, the transition to inverter-based resources (IBRs) presents challenges to grid stability, necessitating innovative control solutions. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) emerges as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Jingzhe Xu , Weihua Zhou , Behrooz Bahrani

This paper presents several stability analyses for grid-forming inverters and synchronous generators considering the dynamics of transmission lines and different load models. Load models are usually of secondary importance compared to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-28 Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Jose Daniel Lara , Duncan S. Callaway

For power grids predominantly featuring large synchronous generators (SGs), there exists a significant body of work bridging optimization and control tasks. A generic workflow in such efforts entails: characterizing the steady state of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Manish K. Singh , D. Venkatramanan , Sairaj Dhople

Power flow oscillations can occur in power systems after major disturbances such as system faults, which may result in significant power swings and even lead to system collapse. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the efficacy of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-10 Yongxin Xiong , Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang , Yifei Li

This paper presents a trajectory tracking control strategy that modulates the active power injected by geographically distributed inverter-based resources to support transient stability. Each resource is independently controlled, and its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-29 Ryan T. Elliott , Payman Arabshahi , Daniel S. Kirschen

The expansion of inverter-connected generation facilities (i.e. wind and photovoltaics) and the removal of conventional power plants is necessary to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Whereas conventional generation with large rotating…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-01-20 Philipp C. Böttcher , Andreas Otto , Stefan Kettemann , Carsten Agert

This paper compares the impact of different conventional and emerging technologies and control strategies on frequency quality. We study, in particular, the long-term dynamic performance of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Taulant Kerci , Federico Milano

Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zirui Wang , Yitong Li , Quanchi Wu , Jinjun Liu

The shift from traditional synchronous generator (SG) based power generation to generation driven by power electronic devices introduces new dynamic phenomena and considerations for the control of large-scale power systems. In this paper,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Matt Baughman , Marena Trujillo , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Emily Jensen

Differing from synchronous generators (SGs), grid-forming inverter-based resources (GFM-IBRs) exhibit rapid variations in their output impedances during transmission line faults due to the overcurrent limitation. As a result, the source…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Yifei Li , Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

With the increasing impact of low inertia due to the high penetration of distributed generation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has been proposed to improve the stability of the inverter-interfaced distributed generator by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Meiyi Li , Wentao Huang , Nengling Tai , Dongliang Duan

Power grids are traditionally dominated by synchronous generators (SGs) but are currently undergoing a major transformation through the increasing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). The SG-dominated grid is traditionally…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 Yitong Li , Yunjie Gu , Timothy C. Green

Having sufficient grid-forming sources is one of the necessary conditions to guarantee the stability in a power system hosting a very large share of inverter-based generation. The grid-forming function has been historically fulfilled by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Dorsan Lepour , Mario Paolone , Guillaume Denis , Carmen Cardozo , Thibault Prevost , Emeline Guiu

Grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) are capable of emulating the external characteristics of synchronous generators (SGs) through the careful design of the control loops. However, the current limiter in the control loops of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Yanshu Niu , Zhe Yang , Bikash C. Pal

Differing from synchronous generators, there are lack of physical laws governing the synchronization dynamics of voltage-source converters (VSCs). The widely used phase-locked loop (PLL) plays a critical role in maintaining the synchronism…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

In order to improve dynamic characteristics of the power system with high-proportion renewable energy sources (RESs), it is necessary for the voltage source converter (VSC), interfaces of RESs, to provide inertial and frequency regulation.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Huanhai Xin , Kehao Zhuang , Pengfei Hu , Yunjie Gu , Ping Ju

The growing adoption of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has introduced unprecedented dynamics in power systems, resulting in oscillations across a broad spectrum of frequencies. Communication delay between the plant-level control and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-24 Saugat Ghimire , Vaithianathan "Mani" Venkatasubramanian , Gilles Torresan

Deploying synchronous condensers (SynCons) near grid-following renewable energy sources (GFLRs) is an effective and increasingly adopted strategy for grid support. However, the potential transient instability risks in such configurations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Bingfang Li , Songhao Yang , Qinglan Wang , Xu Zhang , Huan Xie , Chuan Qin , Zhiguo Hao