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In this work we improve the runtime of recent classical algorithms for strong simulation of quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. The improvement is obtained by establishing a new upper bound on the stabilizer rank of $m$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-22 Hammam Qassim , Hakop Pashayan , David Gosset

Recently, cat states have been used to heuristically improve the runtime of a classical simulator of quantum circuits based on the diagrammatic ZX-calculus. Here we investigate the use of cat-state injection within the quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Filipa C. R. Peres , Rafael Wagner , Ernesto F. Galvão

Quantum magic, or non-stabilizerness, is an important quantum resource that characterizes computational power beyond classically simulable Clifford operations and is therefore essential for achieving quantum advantage. While previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 András Grabarits , Adolfo del Campo

Understanding quantum magic (i.e., nonstabilizerness) in many-body quantum systems is challenging but essential to the study of quantum computation and many-body physics. We investigate how noise affects magic properties in entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Fuchuan Wei , Zi-Wen Liu

We introduce a methodology to estimate non-stabilizerness or "magic", a key resource for quantum complexity, with Neural Quantum States (NQS). Our framework relies on two schemes based on Monte Carlo sampling to quantify non-stabilizerness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Alessandro Sinibaldi , Antonio Francesco Mello , Mario Collura , Giuseppe Carleo

The nonstabilizerness, or magic, is an essential quantum resource to perform universal quantum computation. Robustness of magic (RoM) in particular characterizes the degree of usefulness of a given quantum state for non-Clifford operation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Hiroki Hamaguchi , Kou Hamada , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Magic, or nonstabilizerness, characterizes how far away a state is from the stabilizer states, making it an important resource in quantum computing, under the formalism of the Gotteman-Knill theorem. In this paper, we study the magic of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Liyuan Chen , Roy J. Garcia , Kaifeng Bu , Arthur Jaffe

Nonstabilizerness or `magic' is a crucial resource for quantum computers which can be distilled from noisy quantum states. However, determining the magic of mixed quantum has been a notoriously difficult task. Here, we provide efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Tobias Haug , Poetri Sonya Tarabunga

We advance the characterization of complexity in quantum many-body systems by examining $W$-states embedded in a spin chain. Such states show an amount of non-stabilizerness or "magic" (measured as the Stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy -SRE-) that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 J. Odavić , T. Haug , G. Torre , A. Hamma , F. Franchini , S. M. Giampaolo

Nonstabilizerness, also known as ``magic'', stands as a crucial resource for achieving a potential advantage in quantum computing. Its connection to many-body physical phenomena is poorly understood at present, mostly due to a lack of…

Stabilizer states, which are also known as the Clifford states, have been commonly utilized in quantum information, quantum error correction, and quantum circuit simulation due to their simple mathematical structure. In this work, we apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Jiace Sun , Lixue Cheng , Shi-Xin Zhang

Quantum many-body systems have been extensively studied from the perspective of quantum technology, and conversely, critical phenomena in such systems have been characterized by operationally relevant resources like entanglement. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Saubhik Sarkar , Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay , Abolfazl Bayat

We investigate how non-stabilizer resources enable the emergence of quantum state designs within the projected ensemble. Starting from initial states with finite magic and applying resource-free Clifford circuits to scramble them, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Hugo Lóio , Guglielmo Lami , Lorenzo Leone , Max McGinley , Xhek Turkeshi , Jacopo De Nardis

Quantum magic resources, or nonstabilizerness, are a central ingredient for universal quantum computation. In noisy many-body systems, the interplay between these resources and errors leads to sharp magic phase transitions. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Piotr Sierant , Xhek Turkeshi

In quantum computing, the nonstabilizerness of quantum operations is crucial for understanding and quantifying quantum speedups. In this study, we explore the phenomena of nonstabilizerness of the quantum SWITCH, a novel structure that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Yin Mo , Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Mingrui Jing , Xin Wang

In many architectures for fault tolerant quantum computing universality is achieved by a combination of Clifford group unitary operators and preparation of suitable nonstabilizer states, the so-called magic states. Universality is possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Earl T. Campbell

Magic states were introduced in the context of Clifford circuits as a resource that elevates classically simulatable computations to quantum universal capability, while maintaining the same gate set. Here we study magic states in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-06 Martin Hebenstreit , Richard Jozsa , Barbara Kraus , Sergii Strelchuk , Mithuna Yoganathan

The classification of many-body quantum states plays a fundamental role in the study of quantum phases of matter. In this work, we propose an approach to classify quantum states by introducing the concept of magic class. In addition, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Kaifeng Bu , Arthur Jaffe , Zixia Wei

Identifying the boundary between classical and quantum computation is a central challenge in quantum information. In multi-qubit systems, entanglement and magic are the key resources underlying genuinely quantum behaviour. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Lorenzo Leone , Jens Eisert , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero

Magic is a property of a quantum state that characterizes its deviation from a stabilizer state, serving as a useful resource for achieving universal quantum computation e.g., within schemes that use Clifford operations. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Poetri Sonya Tarabunga , Claudio Castelnovo