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Machine learning (especially reinforcement learning) methods for trading are increasingly reliant on simulation for agent training and testing. Furthermore, simulation is important for validation of hand-coded trading strategies and for…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-12 Svitlana Vyetrenko , David Byrd , Nick Petosa , Mahmoud Mahfouz , Danial Dervovic , Manuela Veloso , Tucker Hybinette Balch

Limit Order Books (LOBs) serve as a mechanism for buyers and sellers to interact with each other in the financial markets. Modelling and simulating LOBs is quite often necessary for calibrating and fine-tuning the automated trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-04 Konark Jain , Nick Firoozye , Jonathan Kochems , Philip Treleaven

Multi-agent market simulators usually require careful calibration to emulate real markets, which includes the number and the type of agents. Poorly calibrated simulators can lead to misleading conclusions, potentially causing severe loss…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-19 Andrea Coletta , Aymeric Moulin , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

In this paper, we propose an event-driven Limit Order Book (LOB) model that captures twelve of the most observed LOB events in exchange-based financial markets. To model these events, we propose using the state-of-the-art Neural Hawkes…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-19 Luca Lalor , Anatoliy Swishchuk

We introduce a new model in order to describe the fluctuation of tick-by-tick financial time series. Our model, based on marked point process, allows us to incorporate in a unique process the duration of the transaction and the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2012-11-21 Alexis Fauth , Ciprian A. Tudor

Modern financial exchanges use an electronic limit order book (LOB) to store bid and ask orders for a specific financial asset. As the most fine-grained information depicting the demand and supply of an asset, LOB data is essential in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-02 Zijian Shi , John Cartlidge

This work presents a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) designed for modeling financial time series. The GPT functions as an order generation engine within a discrete event simulator, enabling realistic replication of limit order book…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-26 Aaron Wheeler , Jeffrey D. Varner

We present a reproducible research framework for market microstructure combining a deterministic C++ limit order book (LOB) simulator with stochastic order flow generated by multivariate marked Hawkes processes. The paper derives full…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-10 Sohaib El Karmi

Through the analysis of a dataset of ultra high frequency order book updates, we introduce a model which accommodates the empirical properties of the full order book together with the stylized facts of lower frequency financial data. To do…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-09-05 Weibing Huang , Charles-Albert Lehalle , Mathieu Rosenbaum

Financial market simulation (FMS) serves as a promising tool for understanding market anomalies and the underlying trading behaviors. To ensure high-fidelity simulations, it is crucial to calibrate the FMS model for generating data closely…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuanzhe Li , Yue Wu , Muyao Zhong , Shengcai Liu , Peng Yang

Financial exchanges across the world use limit order books (LOBs) to process orders and match trades. For research purposes it is important to have large scale efficient simulators of LOB dynamics. LOB simulators have previously been…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-08-28 Sascha Frey , Kang Li , Peer Nagy , Silvia Sapora , Chris Lu , Stefan Zohren , Jakob Foerster , Anisoara Calinescu

It has been suggested that marked point processes might be good candidates for the modelling of financial high-frequency data. A special class of point processes, Hawkes processes, has been the subject of various investigations in the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-23 Ioane Muni Toke

This paper presents a new financial market simulator that may be used as a tool in both industry and academia for research in market microstructure. It allows multiple automated traders and/or researchers to simultaneously connect to an…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-31 Thiago W. Alves , Ionut Florescu , George Calhoun , Dragos Bozdog

Order book imbalance (OBI) - buy orders minus sell orders near the best quote - measures supply-demand imbalance that can move prices. OBI is positively correlated with returns, and some investors try to use it to improve performance. Large…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-23 Shuto Endo , Takanobu Mizuta , Isao Yagi

The ability to construct a realistic simulator of financial exchanges, including reproducing the dynamics of the limit order book, can give insight into many counterfactual scenarios, such as a flash crash, a margin call, or changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Namid R. Stillman , Rory Baggott , Justin Lyon , Jianfei Zhang , Dingqiu Zhu , Tao Chen , Perukrishnen Vytelingum

We propose a static equilibrium model for limit order book where profit-maximizing investors receive an information signal regarding the liquidation value of the asset and execute via a competitive dealer with random initial inventory, who…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-03-11 Umut Çetin , Henri Waelbroeck

We analyze an optimal trade execution problem in a financial market with stochastic liquidity. To this end we set up a limit order book model in which both order book depth and resilience evolve randomly in time. Trading is allowed in both…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-04-16 Julia Ackermann , Thomas Kruse , Mikhail Urusov

Trading large volumes of a financial asset in order driven markets requires the use of algorithmic execution dividing the volume in many transactions in order to minimize costs due to market impact. A proper design of an optimal execution…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-05 Enzo Busseti , Fabrizio Lillo

In this article, we delve into the applications and extensions of the queue-reactive model for the simulation of limit order books. Our approach emphasizes the importance of order sizes, in conjunction with their type and arrival rate, by…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-30 Hamza Bodor , Laurent Carlier

In financial markets, liquidity is not constant over time but exhibits strong seasonal patterns. In this article we consider a limit order book model that allows for time-dependent, deterministic depth and resilience of the book and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2011-09-14 Antje Fruth , Torsten Schoeneborn , Mikhail Urusov
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