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Related papers: ConceptKT: A Benchmark for Concept-Level Deficienc…

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In educational applications, Knowledge Tracing (KT), the problem of accurately predicting students' responses to future questions by summarizing their knowledge states, has been widely studied for decades as it is considered a fundamental…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Yuhao Zhou , Xihua Li , Yunbo Cao , Xuemin Zhao , Qing Ye , Jiancheng Lv

Knowledge tagging for questions plays a crucial role in contemporary intelligent educational applications, including learning progress diagnosis, practice question recommendations, and course content organization. Traditionally, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hang Li , Tianlong Xu , Jiliang Tang , Qingsong Wen

Knowledge components (KCs) mapped to problems help model student learning, tracking their mastery levels on fine-grained skills thereby facilitating personalized learning and feedback in online learning platforms. However, crafting and…

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to assess individuals' evolving knowledge states according to their learning interactions with different exercises in online learning systems (OIS), which is critical in supporting decision-making for subsequent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Shuanghong Shen , Enhong Chen , Bihan Xu , Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Linbo Zhu , Yu Su

Answering complex queries over incomplete knowledge graphs (KGs) is a challenging job. Most previous works have focused on learning entity/relation embeddings and simulating first-order logic operators with various neural networks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianle Xia , Liang Ding , Guojia Wan , Yibing Zhan , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Text matching is the task of matching two texts and determining the relationship between them, which has extensive applications in natural language processing tasks such as reading comprehension, and Question-Answering systems. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Kexin Jiang , Yahui Zhao , Guozhe Jin , Zhenguo Zhang , Rongyi Cui

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict students' future performances based on their former exercises and additional information in educational settings. KT has received significant attention since it facilitates personalized experiences in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hao Zhou , Wenge Rong , Jianfei Zhang , Qing Sun , Yuanxin Ouyang , Zhang Xiong

The next-token prediction (NTP) objective has been foundational in the development of modern large language models (LLMs), driving advances in fluency and generalization. However, NTP operates at the \textit{token} level, treating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Laya Iyer , Pranav Somani , Alice Guo , Dan Jurafsky , Chen Shani

Knowledge tracing (KT) models are commonly evaluated by training on early interactions from all students and testing on later responses. While effective for measuring average predictive performance, this evaluation design obscures a cold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Indronil Bhattacharjee , Christabel Wayllace

Fine-grained skill representations, commonly referred to as knowledge components (KCs), are fundamental to many approaches in student modeling and learning analytics. However, KC-level correctness labels are rarely available in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhangqi Duan , Arnav Kankaria , Dhruv Kartik , Andrew Lan

Monitoring student knowledge states or skill acquisition levels known as knowledge tracing, is a fundamental part of intelligent tutoring systems. Despite its inherent challenges, recent deep neural networks based knowledge tracing models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Zhiwei Wang , Xiaoqin Feng , Jiliang Tang , Gale Yan Huang , Zitao Liu

Knowledge tracing aims to track students' knowledge status over time to predict students' future performance accurately. Markov chain-based knowledge tracking (MCKT) models can track knowledge concept mastery probability over time. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Hengyu Liu , Tiancheng Zhang , Fan Li , Minghe Yu , Ge Yu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge during pre-training, they often lack domain-specific, new, or niche information. Continual pre-training (CPT) attempts to address this gap but suffers from catastrophic forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Oded Ovadia , Meni Brief , Rachel Lemberg , Eitam Sheetrit

Recent work exploring the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to act as general pattern machines by completing complex token sequences representing a wide array of tasks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Adam Hazimeh , Bojan Lazarevski , Pierre Dillenbourg , Tanja Käser

With more deep learning techniques being introduced into the knowledge tracing domain, the interpretability issue of the knowledge tracing models has aroused researchers' attention. Our previous study(Lu et al. 2020) on building and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Deliang Wang , Yu Lu , Qinggang Meng , Penghe Chen

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a field of study that predicts the future performance of students based on prior performance datasets collected from educational applications such as intelligent tutoring systems, learning management systems, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Unggi Lee , Yonghyun Park , Yujin Kim , Seongyune Choi , Hyeoncheol Kim

Intelligent and adaptive online education systems aim to make high-quality education available for a diverse range of students. However, existing systems usually depend on a pool of hand-made questions, limiting how fine-grained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Megha Srivastava , Noah Goodman

Knowledge Tracing aims to assess student learning states by predicting their performance in answering questions. Different from the existing research which utilizes fixed-length learning sequence to obtain the student states and regards KT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ke Cheng , Linzhi Peng , Pengyang Wang , Junchen Ye , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du

Knowledge editing aims to update the embedded knowledge within Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing approaches, whether through parameter modification or external memory integration, often suffer from inconsistent evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guoxiu He , Xin Song , Futing Wang , Aixin Sun

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a core component of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, modeling learners' knowledge state to predict future performance and provide personalized learning support. Traditional KT models assume that learners' learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yiyun Zhou , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang , Jingyuan Chen