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We derive from first principles a three-dimensional theory of self-propelled particle swarming in a viscous fluid environment. Our model predicts emergent collective behavior that depends critically on fluid opacity, mechanism of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-12 Yao-Li Chuang , M. R. D'Orsogna , T. Chou

We theoretically describe the dynamics of swimmer populations confined in thin liquid films. We first demonstrate that hydrodynamic interactions between confined swimmers only depend on their shape and are independent of their specific…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-11 Tommaso Brotto , Jean-Baptiste Caussin , Eric Lauga , Denis Bartolo

Active particles, which interact hydrodynamically, display a remarkable variety of emergent collective phenomena. We use squirmers to model spherical microswimmers and explore the collective behavior of thousands of them under the influence…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-10-31 Jan-Timm Kuhr , Johannes Blaschke , Felix Rühle , Holger Stark

Previous particle-based computer simulations have revealed a significantly more pronounced tendency of spontaneous global polar ordering in puller (contractile) microswimmer suspensions than in pusher (extensile) suspensions. We here…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-10-23 Christian Hoell , Hartmut Löwen , Andreas M. Menzel

We investigate how shear influences the dynamics of active particles in dilute to concentrated suspensions. Using apolar active suspensions of squirmers as model systems, we show how their long-time diffusive dynamics can surprisingly slow…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-14 Zhouyang Ge , John F. Brady , Gwynn J. Elfring

Self-propelled particles can exhibit surprising non-equilibrium behaviors, and how they interact with obstacles or boundaries remains an important open problem. Here we show that chemically propelled micro-rods can be captured, with little…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-02-21 Daisuke Takagi , Jeremie Palacci , Adam B. Braunschweig , Michael J. Shelley , Jun Zhang

We study the coupled hydrodynamics between a motile slender microswimmer and a deformable interface that separates two Newtonian fluid regions. From the disturbance field generated by the swimming motion, we quantitatively characterize the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-12-22 Sankalp Nambiar , John S Wettlaufer

Dense suspensions of self-propelled rod-like particles exhibit a fascinating variety of non-equilibrium phenomena. By means of computer simulations of a minimal model for rigid self-propelled colloidal rods with variable shape we explore…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-04 H. H. Wensink , H. Löwen

We explore the mechanism underlying the anomalous rheology of puller-type microswimmer suspensions through direct hydrodynamic simulations. Puller-type swimmers generate contractile flow fields along their swimming direction, leading to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-04 Haruki Hayano , Akira Furukawa

Squirmers that are bottom-heavy experience a torque that aligns them along the vertical so that they swim upwards. In a suspension of many squirmers, they also interact hydrodynamically via flow fields that are initiated by their swimming…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-11 Felix Rühle , Arne W. Zantop , Holger Stark

The nonequilibrium dynamical behavior and structure formation of end-functionalized semiflexible polymer suspensions under flow are investigated by mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations. The hybrid simulation approach combines the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-11-04 Jin Suk Myung , Roland G. Winkler , Gerhard Gompper

Most classical work on the hydrodynamics of low-Reynolds-number swimming addresses deterministic locomotion in quiescent environments. Thermal fluctuations in fluids are known to lead to a Brownian loss of the swimming direction. As most…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-06-18 Mario Sandoval , Navaneeth K. M. , Ganesh Subramanian , Eric Lauga

Microswimmers exhibit an intriguing, highly-dynamic collective motion with large-scale swirling and streaming patterns, denoted as active turbulence -- reminiscent of classical high-Reynolds-number hydrodynamic turbulence. Various…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-03 Kai Qi , Elmar Westphal , Gerhard Gompper , Roland G. Winkler

We study a few-body system composed of self-propelling camphor surfers confined within a circular boundary. These millimeter-sized particles move in a regime where inertia and long-ranged interactions play a significant role, leading to…

Concentrated suspensions of swimming microorganisms and other forms of active matter are known to display complex, self-organized spatio-temporal patterns on scales large compared to those of the individual motile units. Despite intensive…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-07-15 Enkeleida Lushi , Hugo Wioland , Raymond E Goldstein

Active matter has been the object of huge amount of research in recent years for its important fundamental and applicative properties. In this paper we investigate active suspensions of micro-swimmers through direct numerical simulation, so…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-03 Sergio Chibbaro , Astrid Decoene , Sebastien Martin , Fabien Vergnet

Suspensions of swimming particles exhibit complex collective behaviors driven by hydrodynamic interactions, showing persistent large-scale flows and long-range correlations. While heavily studied, it remains unclear how such structures…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-27 Bryce Palmer , Scott Weady , Michael O'Brien , Blakesley Burkhart , Michael J. Shelley

Swimmers and self-propelled particles are physical models for the collective behaviour and motility of a wide variety of living systems, such as bacteria colonies, bird flocks and fish schools. Such artificial active materials are amenable…

We derive macroscopic dynamics for self-propelled particles in a fluid. The starting point is a coupled Vicsek-Stokes system. The Vicsek model describes self-propelled agents interacting through alignment. It provides a phenomenological…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-06-20 Pierre Degond , Sara Merino-Aceituno , Fabien Vergnet , Hui Yu

We analyze the collective dynamics of self-propelling particles (spps) which move at small Reynolds numbers including the hydrodynamic coupling to the suspending solvent through numerical simulations. The velocity distribution functions…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Isaac Llopis , Ignacio Pagonabarraga