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World models learn general knowledge from videos and simulate experience for training behaviors in imagination, offering a path towards intelligent agents. However, previous world models have been unable to accurately predict object…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Danijar Hafner , Wilson Yan , Timothy Lillicrap

General-purpose world models promise scalable policy evaluation, optimization, and planning, yet achieving the required level of robustness remains challenging. Unlike policy learning, which primarily focuses on optimal actions, a world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuejiang Liu , Fan Feng , Lingjing Kong , Weifeng Lu , Jinzhou Tang , Kun Zhang , Kevin Murphy , Chelsea Finn , Yilun Du

Learning predictive world models from raw visual observations is a central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), especially for robotics and continuous control. Conventional model-based RL frameworks directly condition future…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jseen Zhang , Gabriel Adineera , Jinzhou Tan , Jinoh Kim

Recent advances in world models have greatly enhanced interactive environment simulation. Existing methods mainly fall into two categories: (1) static world generation models, which construct 3D environments without active agents, and (2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yitong Wang , Fangyun Wei , Hongyang Zhang , Bo Dai , Yan Lu

Current video generation models cannot simulate physical consequences of 3D actions like forces and robotic manipulations, as they lack structural understanding of how actions affect 3D scenes. We present RealWonder, the first real-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Wei Liu , Ziyu Chen , Zizhang Li , Yue Wang , Hong-Xing Yu , Jiajun Wu

Intelligent agents need to generalize from past experience to achieve goals in complex environments. World models facilitate such generalization and allow learning behaviors from imagined outcomes to increase sample-efficiency. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Danijar Hafner , Timothy Lillicrap , Mohammad Norouzi , Jimmy Ba

World models for interactive video generation have largely focused on single-agent settings, where future observations are generated from a single control signal. However, many generated environments require multi-agent interaction:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Fangfu Liu , Kai He , Tianchang Shen , Tianshi Cao , Sanja Fidler , Yueqi Duan , Jun Gao , Igor Gilitschenski , Zian Wang , Xuanchi Ren

Physical awareness, especially in a large and dynamic environment, is shaped by sensing decisions that determine observability across space, time, and scale, while observations impact the quality of sensing decisions. This loopy information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Elaheh Vaezpour , Amirhosein Javadi , Tara Javidi

Large-scale video generative models, capable of creating realistic videos of diverse visual concepts, are strong candidates for general-purpose physical world simulators. However, their adherence to physical commonsense across real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hritik Bansal , Clark Peng , Yonatan Bitton , Roman Goldenberg , Aditya Grover , Kai-Wei Chang

Large-scale generative models have achieved remarkable success in a number of domains. However, for sequential decision-making problems, such as robotics, action-labelled data is often scarce and therefore scaling-up foundation models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Marc Rigter , Tarun Gupta , Agrin Hilmkil , Chao Ma

Real-world driving requires people to observe the current environment, anticipate the future, and make appropriate driving decisions. This requirement is aligned well with the capabilities of world models, which understand the environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiaodong Wang , Peixi Peng

Significant progress has been made in spatial intelligence, spanning both spatial reconstruction and world exploration. However, the scalability and real-world fidelity of current models remain severely constrained by the scarcity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jiahao Wang , Yufeng Yuan , Rujie Zheng , Youtian Lin , Jian Gao , Lin-Zhuo Chen , Yajie Bao , Yi Zhang , Chang Zeng , Yanxi Zhou , Xiao-Xiao Long , Hao Zhu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Xun Cao , Yao Yao

Training robot policies within a learned world model is trending due to the inefficiency of real-world interactions. The established image-based world models and policies have shown prior success, but lack robust geometric information that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Guanxing Lu , Baoxiong Jia , Puhao Li , Yixin Chen , Ziwei Wang , Yansong Tang , Siyuan Huang

Video world models have attracted significant attention for their ability to produce high-fidelity future visual observations conditioned on past observations and navigation actions. Temporally- and spatially-consistent, long-term world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yuta Oshima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Masahiro Suzuki , Yutaka Matsuo , Hiroki Furuta

Learning predictive world models from visual observations is a core problem in embodied AI, with applications to model-based reinforcement learning and robotic planning. Existing latent world models typically generate future states with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qixin Xiao , Maani Ghaffari

When designing robots to assist in everyday human activities, it is crucial to enhance user requests with visual cues from their surroundings for improved intent understanding. This process is defined as a multimodal classification task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Shang-Chi Tsai , Seiya Kawano , Angel Garcia Contreras , Koichiro Yoshino , Yun-Nung Chen

Agentic reinforcement learning increasingly relies on experience-driven scaling, yet real-world environments remain non-adaptive, limited in coverage, and difficult to scale. World models offer a potential way to improve learning efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yixia Li , Hongru Wang , Jiahao Qiu , Zhenfei Yin , Dongdong Zhang , Cheng Qian , Zeping Li , Pony Ma , Guanhua Chen , Heng Ji

With the increasing availability of open-source robotic data, imitation learning has become a promising approach for both manipulation and locomotion. Diffusion models are now widely used to train large, generalized policies that predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Shashank Hegde , Satyajeet Das , Gautam Salhotra , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Video action recognition is one of the representative tasks for video understanding. Over the last decade, we have witnessed great advancements in video action recognition thanks to the emergence of deep learning. But we also encountered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yi Zhu , Xinyu Li , Chunhui Liu , Mohammadreza Zolfaghari , Yuanjun Xiong , Chongruo Wu , Zhi Zhang , Joseph Tighe , R. Manmatha , Mu Li

Humans have consciousness as the ability to perceive events and objects: a mental model of the world developed from the most impoverished of visual stimuli, enabling humans to make rapid decisions and take actions. Although spatial and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Lisheng Wu , Minne Li , Jun Wang