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The age of social media is rife with memes. Understanding and detecting harmful memes pose a significant challenge due to their implicit meaning that is not explicitly conveyed through the surface text and image. However, existing harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Jing Ma , Long Chen

The age of social media is flooded with Internet memes, necessitating a clear grasp and effective identification of harmful ones. This task presents a significant challenge due to the implicit meaning embedded in memes, which is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Wei Gao , Jing Ma , Bo Wang , Ruichao Yang

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in tasks requiring a fine-grained understanding of literal meaning in images and text, such as visual question-answering or visual entailment. However, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Arkadiy Saakyan , Shreyas Kulkarni , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Smaranda Muresan

Memes have emerged as a popular form of multimodal online communication, where their interpretation heavily depends on the specific context in which they appear. Current approaches predominantly focus on isolated meme analysis, either for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Yuxi Zhang , Yanxi Zhao , Yifan Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Bin Liang , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

Memes are a dominant medium for online communication and manipulation because meaning emerges from interactions between embedded text, imagery, and cultural context. Existing meme research is distributed across tasks (hate, misogyny,…

Much work in the space of NLP has used computational methods to explore sociolinguistic variation in text. In this paper, we argue that memes, as multimodal forms of language comprised of visual templates and text, also exhibit meaningful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Naitian Zhou , David Jurgens , David Bamman

Memes are powerful means for effective communication on social media. Their effortless amalgamation of viral visuals and compelling messages can have far-reaching implications with proper marketing. Previous research on memes has primarily…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Shivam Sharma , Siddhant Agarwal , Tharun Suresh , Preslav Nakov , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The proliferation of multimodal memes in the social media era demands that multimodal Large Language Models (mLLMs) effectively understand meme harmfulness. Existing benchmarks for assessing mLLMs on harmful meme understanding rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zixin Chen , Hongzhan Lin , Kaixin Li , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Guang Chen , Zhiyong Huang , Jing Ma

Puns are a common form of rhetorical wordplay that exploits polysemy and phonetic similarity to create humor. In multimodal puns, visual and textual elements synergize to ground the literal sense and evoke the figurative meaning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Naen Xu , Jiayi Sheng , Changjiang Li , Chunyi Zhou , Yuyuan Li , Tianyu Du , Jun Wang , Zhihui Fu , Jinbao Li , Shouling Ji

Memes are graphics and text overlapped so that together they present concepts that become dubious if one of them is absent. It is spread mostly on social media platforms, in the form of jokes, sarcasm, motivating, etc. After the success of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Tariq Habib Afridi , Aftab Alam , Muhammad Numan Khan , Jawad Khan , Young-Koo Lee

Internet memes have gained significant influence in communicating political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. While memes are often humorous, there has been a rise in the use of memes for trolling and cyberbullying. Although a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Prince Jha , Krishanu Maity , Raghav Jain , Apoorv Verma , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Understanding humor is a core aspect of social intelligence, yet it remains a significant challenge for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). We introduce PixelHumor, a benchmark dataset of 2,800 annotated multi-panel comics designed to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yuriel Ryan , Rui Yang Tan , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Memes have become a distinctive and effective form of communication in the digital era, attracting online communities and cutting across cultural barriers. Even though memes are frequently linked with humor, they have an amazing capacity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kazi Toufique Elahi , Tasnuva Binte Rahman , Shakil Shahriar , Samir Sarker , Sajib Kumar Saha Joy , Faisal Muhammad Shah

The expression of mental health symptoms through non-traditional means, such as memes, has gained remarkable attention over the past few years, with users often highlighting their mental health struggles through figurative intricacies…

Memes are a popular element of modern web communication, used not only as static artifacts but also as interactive replies within conversations. While computational research has focused on analyzing the intrinsic properties of memes, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ryosuke Kohita , Seiichiro Yoshioka

Memes have become a dominant form of communication in social media in recent years. Memes are typically humorous and harmless, however there are also memes that promote hate speech, being in this way harmful to individuals and groups based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Maria Tzelepi , Vasileios Mezaris

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities in literal multimodal tasks such as visual mathematics and science question answering. However, figurative language, such as sarcasm, humor, and metaphor, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Seyyed Saeid Cheshmi , Hahnemann Ortiz , James Mooney , Dongyeop Kang

Internet memes have become a dominant method of communication; at the same time, however, they are also increasingly being used to advocate extremism and foster derogatory beliefs. Nonetheless, we do not have a firm understanding as to…

Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, and idioms are integral parts of human communication. They are ubiquitous in many forms of discourse, allowing people to convey complex, abstract ideas and evoke emotion. As figurative forms are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ron Yosef , Yonatan Bitton , Dafna Shahaf

This work investigates the challenging task of identifying narrative roles - Hero, Villain, Victim, and Other - in Internet memes, across three diverse test sets spanning English and code-mixed (English-Hindi) languages. Building on an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shivam Sharma , Tanmoy Chakraborty
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