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Ambisonics is a spatial audio format describing a sound field. First-order Ambisonics (FOA) is a popular format comprising only four channels. This limited channel count comes at the expense of spatial accuracy. Ideally one would be able to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Ismael Nawfal , Symeon Delikaris Manias , Mehrez Souden , Juha Merimaa , Joshua Atkins , Elisabeth McMullin , Shadi Pirhosseinloo , Daniel Phillips

Neural audio codecs have been widely studied for mono and stereo signals, but spatial audio remains largely unexplored. We present the first discrete neural spatial audio codec for first-order ambisonics (FOA). Building on the WavTokenizer…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Parthasaarathy Sudarsanam , Sebastian Braun , Hannes Gamper

In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for spatial audio understanding of first-order ambisonic (FOA) signals through a question answering (QA) paradigm, aiming to extend the scope of sound event localization and detection (SELD)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Parthasaarathy Sudarsanam , Archontis Politis

This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) for modeling first-order Ambisonic (FOA) room impulse responses (RIRs). PINNs have demonstrated promising performance in sound field interpolation by combining the powerful…

This article presents a multiple sound source localization and tracking system, fed by the Eigenmike array. The First Order Ambisonics (FOA) format is used to build a pseudointensity-based spherical histogram, from which the source position…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Srđan Kitić , Alexandre Guérin

Spatial audio enhances immersion by reproducing 3D sound fields, with Ambisonics offering a scalable format for this purpose. While first-order Ambisonics (FOA) notably facilitates hardware-efficient acquisition and storage of sound fields…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Amit Milstein , Nir Shlezinger , Boaz Rafaely

Acoustic velocity vectors (AVVs) are related to the human's perception of sound at low frequencies and are widely used in Ambisonics. This paper proposes a spatial sound field reproduction algorithm called velocity matching, which…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-06 Jiarui Wang , Thushara Abhayapala , Jihui Aimee Zhang , Prasanga Samarasinghe

Scene-based spatial audio formats, such as Ambisonics, are playback system agnostic and may therefore be favoured for delivering immersive audio experiences to a wide range of (potentially unknown) devices. The number of channels required…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-25 Christoph Hold , Leo McCormack , Archontis Politis , Ville Pulkki

Estimating frequency-varying acoustic parameters is essential for enhancing immersive perception in realistic spatial audio creation. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that blindly estimates reverberation time (T60),…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Hanyu Meng , Jeroen Breebaart , Jeremy Stoddard , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Eliathamby Ambikairajah

Spatial audio is crucial for immersive 360-degree video experiences, yet most 360-degree videos lack it due to the difficulty of capturing spatial audio during recording. Automatically generating spatial audio such as first-order ambisonics…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ziyu Luo , Lin Chen , Qiang Qu , Xiaoming Chen , Yiran Shen

Spatial audio is crucial for immersive 360-degree video experiences, yet most 360-degree videos lack it due to the difficulty of capturing spatial audio during recording. Automatically generating spatial audio such as first-order ambisonics…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ziyu Luo , Lin Chen , Qiang Qu , Xiaoming Chen , Yiran Shen

We introduce ImmerseDiffusion, an end-to-end generative audio model that produces 3D immersive soundscapes conditioned on the spatial, temporal, and environmental conditions of sound objects. ImmerseDiffusion is trained to generate…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Mojtaba Heydari , Mehrez Souden , Bruno Conejo , Joshua Atkins

Training convolutional recurrent neural networks on first-order Ambisonics signals is a well-known approach when estimating the direction of arrival for speech/sound signals. In this work, we investigate whether increasing the order of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-07 Nils Poschadel , Robert Hupke , Stephan Preihs , Jürgen Peissig

In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation method for training neural networks for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. This method focuses on expanding the representation of the DOA subspace of a dataset. Given some input data,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-11 Luca Mazzon , Yuma Koizumi , Masahiro Yasuda , Noboru Harada

This paper presents virtual upmixing of steering vectors captured by a fewer-channel spherical microphone array. This challenge has conventionally been addressed by recovering the directions and signals of sound sources from first-order…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Emilio Picard , Diego Di Carlo , Aditya Arie Nugraha , Mathieu Fontaine , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Spatial audio formats like Ambisonics are playback device layout-agnostic and well-suited for applications such as teleconferencing and virtual reality. Conventional Ambisonic encoding methods often rely on spherical microphone arrays for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Yue Qiao , Vinay Kothapally , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

In natural vision, feedback connections support versatile visual inference capabilities such as making sense of the occluded or noisy bottom-up sensory information or mediating pure top-down processes such as imagination. However, the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-01 Tahereh Toosi , Elias B. Issa

The feedback capacity of the stationary Gaussian additive noise channel has been open, except for the case where the noise is white. Here we find the feedback capacity of the stationary first-order moving average additive Gaussian noise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Young-Han Kim

We propose a conceptually and computationally simple form of sound velocity that offers a readable view of the interference between direct and indirect sound waves. Unlike most approaches in the literature, it jointly exploits both active…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-04 Jérôme Daniel , Srđan Kitić

Spatial audio is a crucial component in creating immersive experiences. Traditional simulation-based approaches to generate spatial audio rely on expertise, have limited scalability, and assume independence between semantic and spatial…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Saksham Singh Kushwaha , Jianbo Ma , Mark R. P. Thomas , Yapeng Tian , Avery Bruni
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