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A large semantic gap between the high-level synthesis (HLS) design and the low-level (on-board or RTL) simulation environment often creates a barrier for those who are not FPGA experts. Moreover, such low-level simulation takes a long time…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Yuze Chi , Young-kyu Choi , Jason Cong , Jie Wang

Recent results in language understanding using neural networks have required training hardware of unprecedentedscale, with thousands of chips cooperating on a single training run. This paper presents techniques to scaleML models on the…

The substantial memory bandwidth and computational demands of large language models (LLMs) present critical challenges for efficient inference. To tackle this, the literature has explored heterogeneous systems that combine neural processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuzong Chen , Chao Fang , Xilai Dai , Yuheng Wu , Thierry Tambe , Marian Verhelst , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

The increasing complexity of hardware and software requires advanced development and test methodologies for modern systems on chips. This paper presents a novel approach to ARM-on-ARM virtualization within SystemC-based simulators using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Nils Bosbach , Rebecca Pelke , Niko Zurstraßen , Jan Henrik Weinstock , Lukas Jünger , Rainer Leupers

While discrete-event simulators are essential tools for architecture research, design, and development, their practicality is limited by an extremely long time-to-solution for realistic applications under investigation. This work describes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Lingda Li , Santosh Pandey , Thomas Flynn , Hang Liu , Noel Wheeler , Adolfy Hoisie

To accommodate the growing memory footprints of today's applications, CPU vendors have employed large DRAM caches, backed by large non-volatile memories like Intel Optane (e.g., Intel's Cascade Lake). The existing computer architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Maryam Babaie , Ayaz Akram , Jason Lowe-Power

Although recent advancements in learning-based analog circuit design automation have tackled tasks such as topology generation, device sizing, and layout synthesis, efficient performance evaluation remains a major bottleneck. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiaomeng Yang , Jian Gao , Yanzhi Wang , Xuan Zhang

SystemC-based Virtual Prototypes (VPs) at the Electronic System Level (ESL) are increasingly adopted by the semiconductor industry. The main reason is that VPs are much earlier available, and their simulation is orders of magnitude faster…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Mehran Goli , Rolf Drechsler

Quantum circuit simulation provides the foundation for the development of quantum algorithms and the verification of quantum supremacy. Among the various methods for quantum circuit simulation, tensor network contraction has been increasing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Hidetaka Manabe , Kenji Harada , Rio Yokota

A quantum computing simulation provides the opportunity to explore the behaviors of quantum circuits, study the properties of quantum gates, and develop quantum computing algorithms. Simulating quantum circuits requires geometric time and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Lee A. Belfore

The quantum stabilizer formalism became foundational for understanding error correction soon after the realization of the first useful quantum error correction codes. Stabilizers provide a way to describe sets of quantum states which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Sean Garner , Chenxu Liu , Meng Wang , Samuel Stein , Ang Li

Precise estimation of model inference latency is crucial for time-critical mobile edge applications, enabling devices to calculate latency margins against deadlines and trade them for enhanced model performance or resource savings. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jiesong Chen , Jun You , Zhidan Liu , Zhenjiang Li

The bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) model provides a framework for writing parallel programs with predictable performance. In this paper we extend the BSP model to support what we will call pseudo-streaming algorithms for accelerators. We…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Jan-Willem Buurlage , Tom Bannink , Abe Wits

Understanding the behavior of simulated architectures in gem5 is critical for studying complex, deeply integrated computing systems. However, conventional analysis methods provide only an indirect view of the simulated system internals. In…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Johan Söderström , Rashid Aligholipour , Yuan Yao

The unknown parameters of simulation models often need to be calibrated using observed data. When simulation models are expensive, calibration is usually carried out with an emulator. The effectiveness of the calibration process can be…

Computation · Statistics 2024-12-03 Özge Sürer , Stefan M. Wild

Quantum processors are now able to run quantum circuits that are infeasible to simulate classically, creating a need for benchmarks that assess a quantum processor's rate of errors when running these circuits. Here, we introduce a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Jordan Hines , Timothy Proctor

The tracking module of a visual-inertial SLAM system processes incoming image frames and IMU data to estimate the position of the frame in relation to the map. It is important for the tracking to complete in a timely manner for each frame…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kimia Khabiri , Parsa Hosseininejad , Shishir Gopinath , Karthik Dantu , Steven Y. Ko

Recently, there has been an extensive research effort in building efficient large language model (LLM) inference serving systems. These efforts not only include innovations in the algorithm and software domains but also constitute…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jaehong Cho , Minsu Kim , Hyunmin Choi , Guseul Heo , Jongse Park

Many recent GPUs feature matrix multiplication engines (aka Tensor Core Units or TCUs) that perform small fixed-size matrix-matrix products at very high throughput. They have been used very effectively to speed up dense matrix-matrix…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lizhi Xiang , Omid Asudeh , Gerald Sabin , Aravind Sukumaran-Rajam , P. Sadayappan

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit memory-intensive behavior during decoding, making it a key bottleneck in LLM inference. To accelerate decoding execution, hybrid-bonding-based 3D-DRAM has been adopted in LLM accelerators. While this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Cong Li , Chenhao Xue , Yi Ren , Xiping Dong , Yu Cheng , Yinbo Hu , Fujun Bai , Yixin Guo , Xiping Jiang , Qiang Wu , Zhi Yang , Zhe Cheng , Yuan Xie , Guangyu Sun