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Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive approaches, offering the flexibility to generate tokens in arbitrary orders and the potential of parallel decoding.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Enshu Liu , Xuefei Ning , Yu Wang , Zinan Lin

Diffusion language models (DLMs) promise parallel, order-agnostic generation, but on standard benchmarks they have historically lagged behind autoregressive models in sample quality and diversity. Recent continuous flow and diffusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Georgios Batzolis , Mark Girolami , Luca Ambrogioni

In the search for highly efficient decoders for short LDPC codes approaching maximum likelihood performance, a relayed decoding strategy, specifically activating the ordered statistics decoding process upon failure of a neural min-sum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Guangwen Li , Xiao Yu

We propose dgMARK, a decoding-guided watermarking method for discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs). Unlike autoregressive models, dLLMs can generate tokens in arbitrary order. While an ideal conditional predictor would be invariant to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Pyo Min Hong , Albert No

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) present a promising non-sequential paradigm for text generation, distinct from standard autoregressive (AR) approaches. However, current decoding strategies often adopt a reactive stance, underutilizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Miao Li , Hanyang Jiang , Sikai Cheng , Hengyu Fu , Yuhang Cai , Baihe Huang , Tinghan Ye , Xuanzhou Chen , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) enable fully parallel token decoding but often remain impractical at inference time due to the many denoising iterations required to refine an information-free, fully masked initialization into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tongyuan Miao , Gary Huang , Kai Jun Han , Annie Jiang

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs, leveraging denoising-based generation to enable inherent parallelism. Even more and more open-sourced dLLM models emerge, yet…

Recent reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable problem-solving abilities but often generate long thinking traces whose utility is unclear. Our work aims to improve their efficiency, enabling them to reach high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiang Liu , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu , Eunsol Choi

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Decoding strategies for generative large language models (LLMs) are a critical but often underexplored aspect of text generation tasks. Guided by specific hyperparameters, these strategies aim to transform the raw probability distributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Esteban Garces Arias , Meimingwei Li , Christian Heumann , Matthias Aßenmacher

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Michael Hersche , Samuel Moor-Smith , Thomas Hofmann , Abbas Rahimi

Language models (LMs) are trained on billions of tokens in an attempt to recover the true language distribution. Still, vanilla random sampling from LMs yields low quality generations. Decoding algorithms attempt to restrict the LM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kareem Ahmed , Sameer Singh

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have exhibited substantial potential for parallel text generation, which may enable more efficient generation compared to autoregressive models. However, current dLLMs suffer from fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yicun Yang , Cong Wang , Shaobo Wang , Zichen Wen , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but require inherently sequential decoding, leading to high inference latency and poor GPU utilization. Speculative decoding mitigates this bottleneck by using a fast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jian Chen , Yesheng Liang , Zhijian Liu

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm of language modeling beyond autoregressive next-token prediction. Taking advantage of their inherent modeling foundations, DLLMs have the great potential of efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shutong Wu , Jiawei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from high inference latency due to the auto-regressive decoding process. Speculative decoding accelerates inference by generating multiple draft tokens using a lightweight model and verifying them in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Shiyu ji , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

This study investigates semantic uncertainty in large language model (LLM) outputs across different decoding methods, focusing on emerging techniques like speculative sampling and chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding. Through experiments on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Darius Foodeei , Simin Fan , Martin Jaggi

Top-$k$ decoding is a widely used method for sampling from LLMs: at each token, only the largest $k$ next-token-probabilities are kept, and the next token is sampled after re-normalizing them to sum to unity. Top-$k$ and other sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Georgy Noarov , Soham Mallick , Tao Wang , Sunay Joshi , Yan Sun , Yangxinyu Xie , Mengxin Yu , Edgar Dobriban

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) offer a compelling paradigm for natural language generation, leveraging parallel decoding and bidirectional attention to achieve superior global coherence compared to autoregressive models. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhongyu Xiao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Yong Luo , Jia Liu , Jie Xu , Han Hu

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have recently gained significant attention for their exceptional performance and inherent potential for parallel decoding. Existing frameworks further enhance its inference efficiency by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Linye Wei , Wenjue Chen , Pingzhi Tang , Xiaotian Guo , Le Ye , Runsheng Wang , Meng Li