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While Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is now widely adopted to enhance LLMs, evaluating its true performance benefits in a reproducible and interpretable way remains a major hurdle. Existing methods often fall short: they lack domain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jiaxuan Liang , Shide Zhou , Kailong Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged to address the knowledge-intensive visual question answering (VQA) task. Current methods mainly employ separate retrieval and generation modules to acquire external knowledge and generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xinwei Long , Zhiyuan Ma , Ermo Hua , Kaiyan Zhang , Biqing Qi , Bowen Zhou

Iterative retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models to answer complex multi-hop questions, but each additional loop increases latency, costs, and the risk of introducing distracting evidence, motivating the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jaewan Park , Solbee Cho , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential for integrating external knowledge into Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. While the literature on RAG is growing, it primarily focuses on systematic reviews and comparisons of new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Matouš Eibich , Shivay Nagpal , Alexander Fred-Ojala

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) is widely adopted for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with external evidence to reduce hallucinations. Despite its success, most existing MRAG frameworks treat retrieved evidence as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xihang Wang , Zihan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Quan Z. Sheng , Lina Yao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful paradigm for improving large language models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive question answering. Graph-based RAG (GraphRAG) leverages entity-relation graphs to support multi-hop reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Shenglai Zeng , Harry Shomer , Haoyu Han , Yu Wang , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models with external evidence, but many implementations rely on pre-built indices that remain static after construction. Related queries therefore repeat similar multi-hop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yifan Wang , Mingxuan Jiang , Zhihao Sun , Yixin Cao , Yicun Liu , Keyang Chen , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai

In our study, we evaluated large language model (LLM) performance on pharmacy licensure-style question-answering tasks and developed an external knowledge integration method to improve accuracy. We benchmarked ten LLMs with varying…

The surge in scientific publications challenges traditional review methods, demanding tools that integrate structured metadata with full-text analysis. Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, combining graph queries with vector…

Recent advancements in QA with LLM, like GPT-4, have shown limitations in handling complex multi-hop queries. We propose AT-RAG, a novel multistep RAG incorporating topic modeling for efficient document retrieval and reasoning. Using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Mohammad Reza Rezaei , Maziar Hafezi , Amit Satpathy , Lovell Hodge , Ebrahim Pourjafari

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common technique for grounding language model outputs in domain-specific information. However, RAG is often challenged by reasoning-intensive question-answering (QA), since common retrieval methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saadat Hasan Khan , Spencer Hong , Jingyu Wu , Kevin Lybarger , Youbing Yin , Erin Babinsky , Daben Liu

Despite recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), reliable visual question answering in aerial scenes remains challenging. In such scenes, task-critical evidence is often carried by small objects, explicit quantities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junxiao Xue , Quan Deng , Tingqi Hu , Meicong Si , Xinyi Yin , Yunyun Shi , Xuecheng Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models in external evidence, yet it still falters when answers must be pieced together across semantically distant documents. We close this gap with the Hierarchical Lexical Graph…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating multimodal data (text, images, videos) into retrieval and generation processes, overcoming the limitations of text-only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lang Mei , Siyu Mo , Zhihan Yang , Chong Chen

Background: Several studies show that large language models (LLMs) struggle with phenotype-driven gene prioritization for rare diseases. These studies typically use Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms to prompt foundation models like GPT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zhanliang Wang , Da Wu , Quan Nguyen , Kai Wang

Although Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong generalization in medical imaging, pathology presents unique challenges due to ultra-high resolution, complex tissue structures, and nuanced clinical semantics. These factors make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenchuan Zhang , Jingru Guo , Hengzhe Zhang , Penghao Zhang , Jie Chen , Shuwan Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) enhances the accuracy and reliability of generative AI models by sourcing factual information from external databases, which is extensively employed in document-grounded question-answering (QA) tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yuan Pu , Zhuolun He , Tairu Qiu , Haoyuan Wu , Bei Yu