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The downstream use cases, benefits, and risks of AI systems depend significantly on the access afforded to the system, and to whom. However, the downstream implications of different access styles are not well understood, making it difficult…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Edward Kembery , Ben Bucknall , Morgan Simpson

AI systems are often used to make or contribute to important decisions in a growing range of applications, including criminal justice, hiring, and medicine. Since these decisions impact human lives, it is important that the AI systems act…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Duncan C McElfresh , Lok Chan , Kenzie Doyle , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong , Vincent Conitzer , Jana Schaich Borg , John P Dickerson

This study explores the integration of contextual explanations into AI-powered loan decision systems to enhance trust and usability. While traditional AI systems rely heavily on algorithmic transparency and technical accuracy, they often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Allen Daniel Sunny

The value-alignment problem for artificial intelligence (AI) asks how we can ensure that the 'values' (i.e., objective functions) of artificial systems are aligned with the values of humanity. In this paper, I argue that linguistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Travis LaCroix

Many high-stakes AI deployments proceed only if every stakeholder deems the system acceptable relative to their own minimum standard. With randomization over a finite menu of options, this becomes a feasibility question: does there exist a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Davin Choo , Paul W. Goldberg , Nicholas Teh

General Alignment has improved average-case helpfulness and safety, but current alignment practice still rewards confident, single-turn responses. The problem is not only that models fail on edge cases; it is that current evaluation makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Han Bao , Yue Huang , Xiaoda Wang , Zheyuan Zhang , Yujun Zhou , Carl Yang , Xiangliang Zhang , Yanfang Ye

As LLM-based systems increasingly operate as agents embedded within human social and technical systems, alignment can no longer be treated as a property of an isolated model, but must be understood in relation to the environments in which…

Public attention towards explainability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has been rising in recent years to offer methodologies for human oversight. This has translated into the proliferation of research outputs, such as from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Luca Nannini , Agathe Balayn , Adam Leon Smith

AI alignment is about ensuring AI systems only pursue goals and activities that are beneficial to humans. Most of the current approach to AI alignment is to learn what humans value from their behavioural data. This paper proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Pei-Yu Chen , Myrthe L. Tielman , Dirk K. J. Heylen , Catholijn M. Jonker , M. Birna van Riemsdijk

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly impact society, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first serious legislative attempt to contain the harmful effects of AI systems. This paper proposes a governance framework…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Diptish Dey , Debarati Bhaumik

This paper examines two prominent formal trade-offs in artificial intelligence (AI) -- between predictive accuracy and fairness, and between predictive accuracy and interpretability. These trade-offs have become a central focus in normative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Sina Fazelpour

Explainability is one of the key ethical concepts in the design of AI systems. However, attempts to operationalize this concept thus far have tended to focus on approaches such as new software for model interpretability or guidelines with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ben Zevenbergen , Allison Woodruff , Patrick Gage Kelley

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly embedded in high-stakes decision environments, yet many governance approaches focus primarily on policy guidance rather than operational stability mechanisms. As AI deployments scale,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Horatio Morgan

As AI becomes embedded in customer-facing systems, ethical scrutiny has largely focused on models, data, and governance. Far less attention has been paid to how AI is experienced through user-facing design. This commentary argues that many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Neha Puri , Tim Dixon

Public sector agencies are rapidly deploying AI systems to augment or automate critical decisions in real-world contexts like child welfare, criminal justice, and public health. A growing body of work documents how these AI systems often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Anna Kawakami , Amanda Coston , Haiyi Zhu , Hoda Heidari , Kenneth Holstein

While the operationalisation of high-level AI ethics principles into practical AI/ML systems has made progress, there is still a theory-practice gap in managing tensions between the underlying AI ethics aspects. We cover five approaches for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Conrad Sanderson , Emma Schleiger , David Douglas , Petra Kuhnert , Qinghua Lu

AI systems have found a wide range of application areas in financial services. Their involvement in broader and increasingly critical decisions has escalated the need for compliance and effective model governance. Current governance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Eren Kurshan , Hongda Shen , Jiahao Chen

Though intelligent agents are supposed to improve human experience (or make it more efficient), it is hard from a human perspective to grasp the ethical values which are explicitly or implicitly embedded in an agent behaviour. This is the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Gianluca Bontempi

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in visual analytics (VA) tools raises vital questions about the behavior of users, their trust, and the potential of induced biases when provided with guidance during data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Sunwoo Ha , Shayan Monadjemi , Alvitta Ottley

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) decision-making and autonomous systems became an integrated part of the economy, industry, and society. The evolving economy of the human-AI ecosystem raising concerns regarding the risks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Daniel Muller