English

AI Alignment Breaks at the Edge

Computation and Language 2026-05-19 v2

Abstract

General Alignment has improved average-case helpfulness and safety, but current alignment practice still rewards confident, single-turn responses. The problem is not only that models fail on edge cases; it is that current evaluation makes many of these failures hard to see. We take the position that alignment must move beyond average-case evaluation by making failures under value conflict, plural stakeholder disagreement, and epistemic ambiguity visible and actionable. Scalar rewards compress diverse values into a single number; data and evaluation regimes collapse, filter, or fail to elicit the cases where alignment is hardest; and governance often lacks mechanisms for adjudicating contested cases. These blind spots produce value flattening, representation loss, and uncertainty blindness. We use Edge alignment to name a detection, evaluation, and governance agenda for surfacing these failures and connecting them to appropriate interventions. Rather than a single training objective, Edge alignment defines the conditions under which standard alignment should yield to mechanisms that preserve multidimensional value structure, represent plural perspectives, and support uncertainty-aware interaction. A pilot diagnostic set of 91 edge cases and four contemporary models illustrates that ordinary helpfulness and safety readings can miss process failures that edge-aware evaluation exposes. We outline operational edge signals, process-aware evaluation criteria, and a three-phase process stack that reframes alignment as a lifecycle problem of dynamic normative governance.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.20042,
  title  = {AI Alignment Breaks at the Edge},
  author = {Han Bao and Yue Huang and Xiaoda Wang and Zheyuan Zhang and Yujun Zhou and Carl Yang and Xiangliang Zhang and Yanfang Ye},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.20042},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

38 pages, 6 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:48:12.832Z