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Multimode entanglement is quintessential for the design and fabrication of quantum networks, which play a central role in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. However, an experimental setup is generally constructed with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-10 Y. Cai , J. Roslund , G. Ferrini , F. Arzani , X. Xu , C. Fabre , N. Treps

Realisation of experiments even on small and medium-scale quantum computers requires an optimisation of several parameters to achieve high-fidelity operations. As the size of the quantum register increases, the characterisation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 F. Martínez-García , D. Vodola , M. Müller

The initialization of a quantum system into a certain state is a crucial aspect of quantum information science. While a variety of measurement strategies have been developed to characterize how well the system is initialized, for a given…

Bayesian inference is a widely used technique for real-time characterization of quantum systems. It excels in experimental characterization in the low data regime, and when the measurements have degrees of freedom. A decisive factor for its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Alexandra Ramôa , Raffaele Santagati , Nathan Wiebe

Quantum Gaussian states can be considered as the majority of the practical quantum states used in quantum communications and more generally in quantum information. Here we consider their properties in relation with the geometrically uniform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Gianfranco Cariolaro , Roberto Corvaja , Gianfranco Pierobon

Non-Gaussian entangled states play a crucial role in harnessing quantum advantage in continuous-variable quantum information. However, how to fully characterize N-partite (N > 3) non-Gaussian entanglement without quantum state tomography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Da Zhang , David Barral , Yanpeng Zhang , Kamel Bencheikh

Continuous variable encoding of quantum information requires the deterministic generation of highly correlated quantum states of light in the form of quantum networks, which, in turn, necessitates the controlled generation of a large number…

The task of testing whether two uncharacterized quantum devices behave in the same way is crucial for benchmarking near-term quantum computers and quantum simulators, but has so far remained open for continuous-variable quantum systems. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-29 Ya-Dong Wu , Yan Zhu , Ge Bai , Yuexuan Wang , Giulio Chiribella

Recent results have established dramatic advantages in learning properties of quantum states when a quantum computer is available to process or jointly measure multiple copies of the unknown quantum state. Learning tasks can be accomplished…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Spencer Dimitroff , John Kallaugher , Ashe Miller , Mohan Sarovar

Entangled quantum states are essential ingredients for many quantum technologies, but they must be validated before they are used. As a full characterization is prohibitively resource-intensive, recent work has focused on developing methods…

A major roadblock for large-scale photonic quantum technologies is the lack of practical reliable certification tools. We introduce an experimentally friendly - yet mathematically rigorous - certification test for experimental preparations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-03 L. Aolita , C. Gogolin , M. Kliesch , J. Eisert

Generating entangled states is one of the most important tasks in quantum information technology. However, in reality any entanglement generator must contain some characteristic uncertainty, and as a result the produced entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-20 Kensuke Gallock Yoshimura , Naoki Yamamoto

We present a quantum state tomography method that enables the reconstruction of \emph{arbitrary} $d-$dimensional quantum states encoded in the discretized transverse momentum of photons, by using \emph{only} $d+1$ experimental settings. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Quimey Pears Stefano , Lorena Rebón , Claudio Iemmi

Quantum state tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system by appropriate measurements. Since the frequency distributions of the outcomes of any finite number of measurements will generally deviate from their asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-08 Matthias Christandl , Renato Renner

Recent contributions in the field of quantum state tomography have shown that, despite the exponential growth of Hilbert space with the number of subsystems, tomography of one-dimensional quantum systems may still be performed efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-19 Tillmann Baumgratz , David Gross , Marcus Cramer , Martin B. Plenio

Reliable generation and measurement of triphoton states has yet to be achieved in laboratory. We give an overview of the problems in generating and measuring triphoton quantum states and analyze several protocols of quantum measurements,…

Quantum generative modeling has emerged as a promising application of quantum computers, aiming to model complex probability distributions beyond the reach of classical methods. In practice, however, training such models often requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Zoltán Kolarovszki , Bence Bakó , Michał Oszmaniec , Changhun Oh , Zoltán Zimborás

As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Joshua Morris , Valeria Saggio , Aleksandra Gočanin , Borivoje Dakić

We present a complete analysis of multipartite entanglement of three-mode Gaussian states of continuous variable systems. We derive standard forms which characterize the covariance matrix of pure and mixed three-mode Gaussian states up to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerardo Adesso , Alessio Serafini , Fabrizio Illuminati

Quantum sensing exploits quantum phenomena to enhance the detection and estimation of classical parameters of physical systems and biological entities, particularly so as to overcome the inefficiencies of its classical counterparts. A…

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