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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for autonomous driving. However, despite their advanced capabilities, DRL-based policies remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, posing serious safety risks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Junchao Fan , Xuyang Lei , Xiaolin Chang

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated promising capability in solving complex control problems. However, DRL applications in safety-critical systems are hindered by the inherent lack of robust verification techniques to assure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Amir Samadi , Konstantinos Koufos , Kurt Debattista , Mehrdad Dianati

Deep learning (DL) has significantly improved automatic modulation classification (AMC) by leveraging neural networks as the feature extractor.However, as the DL-based AMC becomes increasingly widespread, it is faced with the severe secure…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Jingchun Wang , Peihao Dong , Fuhui Zhou , Qihui Wu

The dangers of adversarial attacks on Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) agents operating in public are increasing. Adopting AI-based techniques and, more specifically, Deep Learning (DL) approaches to control and guide these UAVs can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Thomas Hickling , Nabil Aouf , Phillippa Spencer

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Javad Hassannataj Joloudari , Mojtaba Haderbadi , Amir Mashmool , Mohammad GhasemiGol , Shahab S. , Amir Mosavi

We consider the problem of providing users of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) based systems with a better understanding of when their output can be trusted. We offer an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework that provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jeff Druce , Michael Harradon , James Tittle

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a subfield of machine learning for training autonomous agents that take sequential actions across complex environments. Despite its significant performance in well-known environments, it remains…

Computer network defence is a complicated task that has necessitated a high degree of human involvement. However, with recent advancements in machine learning, fully autonomous network defence is becoming increasingly plausible. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Myles Foley , Mia Wang , Zoe M , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), i.e., the development of more transparent and interpretable AI models, has gained increased traction over the last few years. This is due to the fact that, in conjunction with their growth into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Erika Puiutta , Eric MSP Veith

Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which raise concerns about applications of DRL to safety-critical systems. In this work, we adopt a principled way and study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Chao Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables agents to learn optimal behaviors through interaction with their environment and has been increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, including autonomous driving. Despite its promise, RL is…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) strategies play a crucial part in increasing the understanding and trustworthiness of neural networks. Nonetheless, these techniques could potentially generate misleading explanations. Blinding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Md Abdul Kadir , GowthamKrishna Addluri , Daniel Sonntag

This paper presents the development of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based fighter jet agent within a customized Pygame simulation environment, designed to solve multi-objective tasks via deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The jet's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Swati Kar , Soumyabrata Dey , Mahesh K Banavar , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib

Modern algorithms in the domain of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) demonstrated remarkable successes; most widely known are those in game-based scenarios, from ATARI video games to Go and the StarCraft~\textsc{II} real-time strategy game.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Eric MSP Veith , Nils Wenninghoff , Emilie Frost

The growing complexity of cyber threats has rendered static firewalls increasingly ineffective for dynamic, real-time intrusion prevention. This paper proposes a novel AI-driven dynamic firewall optimization framework that leverages deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Taimoor Ahmad

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) evolve through multiple stages, each exhibiting distinct temporal and structural behaviors. Accurate stage estimation is critical for enabling adaptive cyber defense. This paper presents StageFinder, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Trung V. Phan , Thomas Bauschert

This paper proposes adversarial attacks for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and then improves the robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms (DRL) to parameter uncertainties with the help of these attacks. We show that even a naively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Anay Pattanaik , Zhenyi Tang , Shuijing Liu , Gautham Bommannan , Girish Chowdhary

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prolonged, stealthy intrusions by skilled adversaries that compromise high-value systems to steal data or disrupt operations. Reconstructing complete attack chains from massive, heterogeneous logs is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rujie Dai , Peizhuo Lv , Yujiang Gui , Qiujian Lv , Yuanyuan Qiao , Yan Wang , Degang Sun , Weiqing Huang , Yingjiu Li , XiaoFeng Wang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) is increasingly used to cope with the open-world assumption in service-oriented systems. Deep RL was successfully applied to problems such as dynamic service composition, job scheduling, and offloading,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Andreas Metzger , Jone Bartel , Jan Laufer