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Counterfactual medical image generation have emerged as a critical tool for enhancing AI-driven systems in medical domain by answering "what-if" questions. However, existing approaches face two fundamental limitations: First, they fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hyungi Min , Taeseung You , Hangyeul Lee , Yeongjae Cho , Sungzoon Cho

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation aims to leverage minimal expert annotations, yet remains confronted by challenges in maintaining high-quality consistency learning. Excessive perturbations can degrade alignment and hinder precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Wenbo Xiao , Zhihao Xu , Guiping Liang , Yangjun Deng , Yi Xiao

Adapting to latent confounded shift remains a core challenge in modern AI. This setting is driven by hidden variables that induce spurious correlations between inputs and outputs during training, leading models to rely on non-causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jialin Yu , Yuxiang Zhou , Haoxuan Li , Junchi Yu , Mengyue Yang , Yulan He , Nevin L. Zhang , Philip Torr , Ricardo Silva

Medical image segmentation is a critical process in the field of medical imaging, playing a pivotal role in diagnosis, treatment, and research. It involves partitioning of an image into multiple regions, representing distinct anatomical or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Charulkumar Chodvadiya , Navyansh Mahla , Kinshuk Gaurav Singh , Kshitij Sharad Jadhav

While medical image segmentation is an important task for computer aided diagnosis, the high expertise requirement for pixelwise manual annotations makes it a challenging and time consuming task. Since conventional data augmentations do not…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Ankur Singh

Foundation models have become a promising paradigm for advancing medical image analysis, particularly for segmentation tasks where downstream applications often emerge sequentially. Existing fine-tuning strategies, however, remain limited:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yiwen Ye , Yicheng Wu , Xiangde Luo , He Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Ting Dang , Yanning Zhang , Yong Xia

Road masks obtained from remote sensing images effectively support a wide range of downstream tasks. In recent years, most studies have focused on improving the performance of fully automatic segmentation models for this task, achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chengcheng Lv , Rushi Li , Mincheng Wu , Xiufang Shi , Zhenyu Wen , Shibo He

Motivated by the success of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) in promptable segmentation, recent studies leverage SAM to develop training-free solutions for few-shot segmentation, which aims to predict object masks in the target image based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiahao Nie , Yun Xing , Wenbin An , Qingsong Zhao , Jiawei Shao , Yap-Peng Tan , Alex C. Kot , Shijian Lu , Xuelong Li

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of foundation models often leads to poor generalization, where prior capabilities deteriorate after tuning on new tasks or domains. Inspired by trust-region policy optimization (TRPO) and proximal policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Wenhong Zhu , Ruobing Xie , Rui Wang , Xingwu Sun , Di Wang , Pengfei Liu

Vanilla pixel-level classifiers for semantic segmentation are based on a certain paradigm, involving the inner product of fixed prototypes obtained from the training set and pixel features in the test image. This approach, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xiaowen Ma , Zhenliang Ni , Xinghao Chen

Sparse-view computed tomography (SVCT) reconstruction aims to acquire CT images based on sparsely-sampled measurements. It allows the subjects exposed to less ionizing radiation, reducing the lifetime risk of developing cancers. Recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-24 Zixuan Chen , Lingxiao Yang , Jian-Huang Lai , Xiaohua Xie

Semantic segmentation is a critical task in computer vision aiming to identify and classify individual pixels in an image, with numerous applications in for example autonomous driving and medical image analysis. However, semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Halil Ibrahim Aysel , Xiaohao Cai , Adam Prügel-Bennett

Medical images are often characterized by their structured anatomical representations and spatially inhomogeneous contrasts. Leveraging anatomical priors in neural networks can greatly enhance their utility in resource-constrained clinical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-07 Xiang Chen , Min Liu , Rongguang Wang , Renjiu Hu , Dongdong Liu , Gaolei Li , Hang Zhang

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation has shown promise in training models with limited labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. However, state-of-the-art methods ignore a potentially valuable source of unsupervised semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Qianying Liu , Paul Henderson , Xiao Gu , Hang Dai , Fani Deligianni

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely used imaging technique that provides detailed examinations into the internal structure of an object with synchrotron CT (SR-CT) enabling improved data quality by using higher energy, monochromatic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Austin Yunker , Peter Kenesei , Hemant Sharma , Jun-Sang Park , Antonino Miceli , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

Medical image segmentation is a crucial task in medical image analysis, but it can be very challenging especially when there are less labeled data but with large unlabeled data. Contrastive learning has proven to be effective for medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shihuan He , Zhihui Lai , Ruxin Wang , Heng Kong

Segment matching is an important intermediate task in computer vision that establishes correspondences between semantically or geometrically coherent regions across images. Unlike keypoint matching, which focuses on localized features,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Rohit Jayanti , Swayam Agrawal , Vansh Garg , Siddharth Tourani , Muhammad Haris Khan , Sourav Garg , Madhava Krishna

Convolutional autoencoders have emerged as popular methods for unsupervised defect segmentation on image data. Most commonly, this task is performed by thresholding a pixel-wise reconstruction error based on an $\ell^p$ distance. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Paul Bergmann , Sindy Löwe , Michael Fauser , David Sattlegger , Carsten Steger

Counterfactual generation for chest X-rays (CXR) aims to simulate plausible pathological changes while preserving patient-specific anatomy. However, diffusion-based editing methods often suffer from structural drift, where stable anatomical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zichun Zhang , Weizhi Nie , Honglin Guo , Yuting Su

Disentangled representation is a powerful technique to tackle domain shift problem in medical image analysis in unsupervised domain adaptation setting.However, previous methods only focus on exacting domain-invariant feature and ignore…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Shuai Wang , Rui Li