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Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been studied extensively in conventional, single-stage clinical trials, where it has been shown to yield ethical and statistical benefits, especially in trials with many treatment arms. However, RAR…

Lung nodule malignancy prediction is an essential step in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Besides the difficulties commonly discussed, the challenges of this task also come from the ambiguous labels provided by annotators, since deep…

Assessing the degree of disease severity in biomedical images is a task similar to standard classification but constrained by an underlying structure in the label space. Such a structure reflects the monotonic relationship between different…

Adversarial Training (AT) is one of the most effective methods for developing robust deep neural networks (DNNs). However, AT faces a trade-off problem between clean accuracy and adversarial robustness. In this work, we reveal a surprising…

Computational cytology faces two major challenges: i) instance-level labels are unreliable and prohibitively costly to obtain, ii) witness rates are extremely low. We propose SLAM-AGS, a Slide-Label-Aware Multitask pretraining framework…

The great success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for facial attribute prediction relies on a large amount of labeled images. Facial image datasets are usually annotated by some commonly used attributes (e.g., gender), while labels…

Radiology Report Generation (RRG) is essential for computer-aided diagnosis and medication guidance, which can relieve the heavy burden of radiologists by automatically generating the corresponding radiology reports according to the given…

We propose a scalable computerized approach for large-scale inference of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) final assessment categories in narrative ultrasound (US) reports. Although our model was trained on reports created…

Medical Ultrasound (US) imaging has seen increasing demands over the past years, becoming one of the most preferred imaging modalities in clinical practice due to its affordability, portability, and real-time capabilities. However, it faces…

Medical imaging has revolutionized diagnosis, yet unnecessary procedures are rising, exposing patients to radiation and stress, limiting equitable access, and straining healthcare systems. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness…

Multimodal learning often encounters the under-optimized problem and may perform worse than unimodal learning. Existing approaches attribute this issue to imbalanced learning across modalities and tend to address it through gradient…

The delineation of tumor target and organs-at-risk is critical in the radiotherapy treatment planning. Automatic segmentation can be used to reduce the physician workload and improve the consistency. However, the quality assurance of the…

The differentiation between tumor recurrence and radiation-induced contrast enhancements in post-treatment glioblastoma patients remains a major clinical challenge. Existing approaches rely on clinically sparsely available diffusion MRI or…

Previous multimodal sentence representation learning methods have achieved impressive performance. However, most approaches focus on aligning images and text at a coarse level, facing two critical challenges:cross-modal misalignment bias…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition caused when patients' immune system mistakenly targets their own tissue. Machine learning (ML) has the potential to identify patterns in patient electronic health records (EHR) to…

Multitask learning is a widely used paradigm for training models on diverse tasks, with applications ranging from graph neural networks to language model fine-tuning. Since tasks may interfere with each other, a key notion for modeling…

An artificial intelligence-generated content-enhanced computer-aided diagnosis (AIGC-CAD) model, designated as ThyGPT, has been developed. This model, inspired by the architecture of ChatGPT, could assist radiologists in assessing the risk…

Automatic segmentation of organs-at-risk (OAR) in computed tomography (CT) is an essential part of planning effective treatment strategies to combat lung and esophageal cancer. Accurate segmentation of organs surrounding tumours helps…

Multi-task reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find a single policy that effectively solves multiple tasks at the same time. This paper presents a constrained formulation for multi-task RL where the goal is to maximize the average…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for addressing the annotation bottleneck in medical imaging by learning representations from unlabeled data. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the design of the…