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High penetration of distributed generators (DG) in modern power grids creates angle, voltage, and frequency instabilities. Most of the work in the literature has focused on small-signal stability analysis of single grid-connected inverters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Ramkrishna Mishan

Large-scale integration of inverter-based resources into power grids worldwide is challenging their stability and security. This paper takes a closer look at synchronous condensers as a solution to mitigate stability challenges caused by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Amir Sajadi , Barry Mather , Bri-Mathias Hodge

This paper discusses the modeling of inverters used in distributed energy resources in steady state. Modeling the interaction between distribution grids and inverter-based resources is crucial to understand the consequences for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Rahmat Heidari , Frederik Geth

The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources introduces new dynamic challenges to modern power grids, such as sub- and super-synchronous oscillations and other faster dynamics. These dynamics are typically fast in nature and are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Xiaochuan Luo , Slava Maslennikov , Mingguo Hong , Xinghao Fang , Tongxin Zheng

The emergence of grid-forming (GFM) inverter technology and the increasing role of machine learning in power systems highlight the need for evaluating the latest dynamic simulators. Open-source simulators offer distinct advantages in this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-12 Tong Su , Jiangkai Peng , Alaa Selim , Junbo Zhao , Jin Tan

In a purely inverter-based microgrid, both grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters will have a crucial role to play in frequency/voltage regulation and maintaining power sharing through their grid support capabilities.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-01 Ankit Singhal , Thanh Long Vu , Wei Du

Power system restoration is an important part of system planning. Power utilities are required to maintain black start capable generators that can energize the transmission system and provide cranking power to non-blackstart capable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-23 Quan Nguyen , Mallikarjuna R. Vallem , Bharat Vyakaranam , Ahmad Tbaileh , Xinda Ke , Nader Samaan

Major challenges for the transition of power systems do not only tackle power electronics but also communication technology, power market economy and user acceptance studies. Simulation is an important research method therein, as it helps…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Manfred Pöchacker , Anita Sobe , Wilfried Elmenreich

There has been widespread global increasing use of renewable energy sources, which are usually connected to the electricity grids via power electronic inverters. Traditionally, these inverter-based resources operate in either grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zhenshuai Liu , Yitong Li , Zirui Wang , Jiashuo Gu , Yao Qin , Jinjun Liu

This paper presents a novel strategy for the synchronization of grid-following Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) in power systems with low rotational inertia. The proposed synchronization unit is based on emulating the physical properties of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

This paper presents an extensive framework focused on the control design, along with stability and performance analysis, of Grid-Following Inverters (GFL). It aims to ensure their effective operation under both stiff and weak grid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Alireza Askarian , Jaesang Park , Srinivasa Salapaka

This paper develops a hybrid system modeling framework for inverters that switch between grid-following and grid-forming control schemes. In particular, such inverters are modeled as hybrid automata with guard conditions on voltage and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Bukunmi G. Odunlami , Marcos Netto

Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation is a crucial tool for power system dynamic analysis because of its detailed component modeling and high simulation accuracy. However, it suffers from computational burdens for large power grids…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Min Xiong , Kaiyang Huang , Yang Liu , Rui Yao , Kai Sun , Feng Qiu

Inverter-based resources (IBRs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in power systems. Due to the inherently low inertia of inverters, there is a heightened risk of disruptive voltage oscillations. A particular challenge in the operation of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

Smart grid systems are characterized by high complexity due to interactions between a traditional passive network and active power electronic components, coupled using communication links. Additionally, automation and information technology…

Distribution grids currently lack comprehensive real-time metering. Nevertheless, grid operators require precise knowledge of loads and renewable generation to accomplish any feeder optimization task. At the same time, new grid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-21 Siddharth Bhela , Vassilis Kekatos , Sriharsha Veeramachaneni

This paper proposes an electronic circuit simulator-based method to accelerate the power system transient simulation, where the modeling of a generic HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) system is focused. The electronic circuit simulation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Yongli Zhu , Xiang Zhang , Renchang Dai

As power systems evolve with the integration of renewable energy sources and the implementation of smart grid technologies, there is an increasing need for flexible and scalable modeling approaches capable of accurately capturing the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-06 Amir Bahador Javadi , Philip Pong

The integration of power electronic converters (PECs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in modern power systems has introduced dynamism and complexity. Accurate simulation becomes essential to comprehend the influence of converter…

Recent Odessa disturbance events have brought attention to the challenges associated with the interaction between Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) and the transmission and distribution system. The NERC event diagnosis report has highlighted…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Kaveri Mahapatra , Bhaskar Mitra , Soumya Kundu