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Neural networks have recently been proposed for multi-label classification because they are able to capture and model label dependencies in the output layer. In this work, we investigate limitations of BP-MLL, a neural network (NN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Jinseok Nam , Jungi Kim , Eneldo Loza Mencía , Iryna Gurevych , Johannes Fürnkranz

Rhetorical strategies are central to persuasive communication, from political discourse and marketing to legal argumentation. However, analysis of rhetorical strategies has been limited by reliance on human annotation, which is costly,…

Assessing factuality of text generated by large language models (LLMs) is an emerging yet crucial research area, aimed at alerting users to potential errors and guiding the development of more reliable LLMs. Nonetheless, the evaluators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Shiqi Chen , Yiran Zhao , Jinghan Zhang , I-Chun Chern , Siyang Gao , Pengfei Liu , Junxian He

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

Text classification is fundamental in Natural Language Processing (NLP), and the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field. This paper introduces an adaptable and reliable text classification paradigm, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin , Xingquan Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are entering clinical workflows as decision support tools, yet how they respond to explicit patient value statements -- the core content of shared decision-making -- remains unmeasured. We conducted a factorial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sanjay Basu

Sarcasm fundamentally alters meaning through tone and context, yet detecting it in speech remains a challenge due to data scarcity. In addition, existing detection systems often rely on multimodal data, limiting their applicability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhu Li , Yuqing Zhang , Xiyuan Gao , Shekhar Nayak , Matt Coler

An essential aspect of evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is identifying potential biases. This is especially relevant considering the substantial evidence that LLMs can replicate human social biases in their text outputs and further…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Paula Akemi Aoyagui , Sharon Ferguson , Anastasia Kuzminykh

We deal with the problem of localized in-video taxonomic human annotation in the video content moderation domain, where the goal is to identify video segments that violate granular policies, e.g., community guidelines on an online video…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Meghana Deodhar , Xiao Ma , Yixin Cai , Alex Koes , Alex Beutel , Jilin Chen

The detection of sensitive content in large datasets is crucial for ensuring that shared and analysed data is free from harmful material. However, current moderation tools, such as external APIs, suffer from limitations in customisation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Dimosthenis Antypas , Indira Sen , Carla Perez-Almendros , Jose Camacho-Collados , Francesco Barbieri

Suicide is an important but often misunderstood problem, one that researchers are now seeking to better understand through social media. Due in large part to the fuzzy nature of what constitutes suicidal risks, most supervised approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-01 Tong Liu , Qijin Cheng , Christopher M. Homan , Vincent M. B. Silenzio

Large language models are rapidly transforming social science research by enabling the automation of labor-intensive tasks like data annotation and text analysis. However, LLM outputs vary significantly depending on the implementation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Joachim Baumann , Paul Röttger , Aleksandra Urman , Albert Wendsjö , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Johannes B. Gruber , Dirk Hovy

With the growth of social media and large language models, content moderation has become crucial. Many existing datasets lack adequate representation of different groups, resulting in unreliable assessments. To tackle this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shanu Kumar , Gauri Kholkar , Saish Mendke , Anubhav Sadana , Parag Agrawal , Sandipan Dandapat

Malicious accounts spreading misinformation has led to widespread false and misleading narratives in recent times, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and social media platforms struggle to eliminate these contents rapidly. This is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Karishma Sharma , Emilio Ferrara , Yan Liu

In this paper, we introduce an advanced Russian general language understanding evaluation benchmark -- RussianGLUE. Recent advances in the field of universal language models and transformers require the development of a methodology for…

Understanding causal language in informal discourse is a core yet underexplored challenge in NLP. Existing datasets largely focus on explicit causality in structured text, providing limited support for detecting implicit causal expressions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xiaohan Ding , Kaike Ping , Buse Çarık , Eugenia Rho

Large language models show promising capabilities for contextual fact-checking on social media: they can verify contested claims through deep research, synthesize evidence from multiple sources, and draft explanations at scale. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haiwen Li , Michiel A. Bakker

Modern astronomical observatories generate a massive volume of multimodal data, creating a critical bottleneck for expert human review. While multimodal large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in interpreting complex visual and…

Linguistic bias in online news and social media is widespread but difficult to measure. Yet, its identification and quantification remain difficult due to subjectivity, context dependence, and the scarcity of high-quality gold-label…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Fabian Haak , Philipp Schaer

Sentiment analysis, an increasingly vital field in both academia and industry, plays a pivotal role in machine learning applications, particularly on social media platforms like Reddit. However, the efficacy of sentiment analysis models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xiaoxia Zhang , Xiuyuan Qi , Zixin Teng