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In this work we propose a new method for investigating connection problems for the class of nonlinear second-order differential equations known as the Painlev{\'e} equations. Such problems can be characterized by the question as to how the…

solv-int · Physics 2016-09-08 A. P. Bassom , P. A. Clarkson , C. K. Law , J. B. McLeod

Motivated by the simplest case of tt*-Toda equations, we study the large and small $x$ asymptotics for $x>0$ of real solutions of the sinh-Godron Painlev\'e III($D_6$) equation. These solutions are parametrized through the monodromy data of…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-10-31 Alexander R. Its , Kenta Miyahara , Maxim L. Yattselev

In a previous paper we studied the double scaling limit of unitary random matrix ensembles of the form Z_{n,N}^{-1} |\det M|^{2\alpha} e^{-N \Tr V(M)} dM with \alpha > -1/2. The factor |\det M|^{2\alpha} induces critical eigenvalue behavior…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-05-13 A. R. Its , A. B. J. Kuijlaars , J. Ostensson

Rational solutions of the inhomogeneous Painleve-II equation and of a related coupled Painleve-II system have recently arisen in studies of fluid vortices and of the sine-Gordon equation. For the sine-Gordon application in particular it is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-10-10 Robert J. Buckingham , Peter D. Miller

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the defocusing nonlinear Schr$\ddot{\text{o}}$dinger equation with a finite genus algebro-geometric background. Long-time asymptotics of the solution are derived in four space-time regions.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Engui Fan , Gaozhan Li , Yiling Yang , Lun Zhang

The Sawada-Kotera (SK) equation is an integrable system characterized by a third-order Lax operator and is related to the modified Sawada-Kotera (mSK) equation through a Miura transformation. This work formulates the Riemann-Hilbert problem…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2026-02-12 Deng-Shan Wang , Xiaodong Zhu

In this paper, we investigate the Painlev\'e asymptotics in a transition zone for the solutions to the Cauchy problem of the Novikov equation under a nonzero background \begin{align} &u_{t}-u_{txx}+4 u_{x}=3uu_xu_{xx}+u^2u_{xxx}, \nonumber…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Zhaoyu Wang , Xuan Zhou , Engui Fan

These lectures introduce the method of nonlinear steepest descent for Riemann-Hilbert problems. This method finds use in studying asymptotics associated to a variety of special functions such as the Painlev\'{e} equations and orthogonal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-03-21 Percy Deift

We investigate the Painlev\'{e} asymptotics for the Cauchy problem of the modified Camassa-Holm (mCH) equation with decaying initial data \begin{align*}\nonumber &m_t+\left((u^2-u_x^2)m\right)_x+\kappa u_{x}=0, \…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Jia-Fu Tong , Shou-Fu Tian

A one-parameter family of trans-series asymptotics of solutions to the Degenerate Painlev\'{e} III Equation (DP3E) are parametrised in terms of the monodromy data of an associated two-by-two linear auxiliary problem via the isomonodromy…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-08-15 A. Vartanian

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of a family of pole-free solutions to the noncommutative Painlev\'e II equation. These particular solutions can be expressed in terms of the Fredholm determinant of the matrix version of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Jia-Hao Du , Shuai-Xia Xu , Yu-Qiu Zhao

The effective and efficient numerical solution of Riemann-Hilbert problems has been demonstrated in recent work. With the aid of ideas from the method of nonlinear steepest descent for Riemann-Hilbert problems, the resulting numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Sheehan Olver , Thomas Trogdon

This work investigates the long-time asymptotic behaviors of solutions to the initial value problem of the two-component nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation by inverse scattering transform and Riemann-Hilbert formulism. Two reflection…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-10-28 Deng-Shan Wang , Yingmin Yang , Liming Zang

We develop a complete Deift-Zhou steepest descent analysis for a 3x3 matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem arising in quadratic Hermite-Pade approximation and multiple orthogonality. We focus on a regular two-edge regime with a hard edge at 0 and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Artur Kandaian

We study the asymptotic behavior of the Ablowitz-Segur solutions for the second Painlev\'e equation using the Riemann-Hilbert approach and methods based on asymptotic expansions of classical special functions. Recent results show that the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Kamil Dunst , Piotr Kokocki

In this paper, we consider Cauchy problem for the modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy on the real line with decaying initial data. Using the Riemann--Hilbert formulation and nonlinear steepest descent method, we derive a uniform asymptotic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Lin Huang , Lun Zhang

In this work, we employ the $\bar{\partial}$-steepest descent method to investigate the Cauchy problem of the nonlocal nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger (NNLS) equation with finite density type initial conditions in weighted Sobolev space…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-06-22 Shou-Fu Tian , Zhi-Qiang Li , Jin-Jie Yang

We investigate the Cauchy problem for the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation \begin{equation} iq_t(x,t)+q_{xx}(x,t)+2|q(x,t)|^2q(x,t)=0,\quad x\in\mathbb{R},\quad t\ge0,\nonumber \end{equation} subject to initial data $ q(x,0)$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Ruihong ma , Engui Fan

This work investigates the long-time asymptotics of solution to defocusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation with a class of step initial data. A rigorous asymptotic analysis is conducted on the associated Riemann-Hilbert problem by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-27 Deng-Shan Wang , Ding Wen

We study the large-order asymptotics for the Kuznetsov-Ma breather of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation in the far-field regime. With the aid of Darboux transformation, we first derive the corresponding Riemann-Hilbert representation…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-01-02 Liming Ling , Xiaoen Zhang