English
Related papers

Related papers: NANOZK: Layerwise Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Verifi…

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented fluency but remain susceptible to "hallucinations" - the generation of factually incorrect or ungrounded content. This limitation is particularly critical in high-stakes domains where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Md. Asraful Haque , Aasar Mehdi , Maaz Mahboob , Tamkeen Fatima

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), but their lack of interpretability has been a major concern. Current methods for interpreting LLMs are post hoc, applied after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Large language models(LLMs) are currently at the forefront of the machine learning field, which show a broad application prospect but at the same time expose some risks of privacy leakage. We combined Fully Homomorphic Encryption(FHE) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhang Ruoyan , Zheng Zhongxiang , Bao Wankang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated, they raise significant security concerns, including the creation of fake news and academic misuse. Most detectors for identifying model-generated text are limited by their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple parties to cooperatively learn a federated model without sharing private data with each other. The need of protecting such federated models from being plagiarized or misused, therefore, motivates us…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Wenyuan Yang , Yuguo Yin , Gongxi Zhu , Hanlin Gu , Lixin Fan , Xiaochun Cao , Qiang Yang

The high inference demands of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) pose substantial challenges in their deployment. To this end, we introduce Neural Block Linearization (NBL), a novel framework for accelerating transformer model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mete Erdogan , Francesco Tonin , Volkan Cevher

A natural and informal approach to verifiable (or zero-knowledge) ML inference over floating-point data is: ``prove that each layer was computed correctly up to tolerance $\delta$; therefore the final output is a reasonable inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Or Zamir

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are an emergent paradigm in verifiable computing. In the context of applications like cloud computing, ZKPs can be used by a client (called the verifier) to verify the service provider (called the prover) is in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Alhad Daftardar , Brandon Reagen , Siddharth Garg

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into everyday applications, but their prevalent cloud-based deployment raises growing concerns around data privacy and long-term sustainability. Running LLMs locally on mobile and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haoxin Wang , Xiaolong Tu , Hongyu Ke , Huirong Chai , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han

Large language models(LLMs) excel at text generation and knowledge question-answering tasks, but they are prone to generating hallucinated content, severely limiting their application in high-risk domains. Current hallucination detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

The companion paper introduced a four-level verification lattice on agent-skill manifests (unverified, declared, tested, formal) and left the top level aspirational. This paper closes that gap. We give a precise semantics for skill…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Alfredo Metere

Modern cryptographic methods for implementing privacy-preserving LLMs such as \gls{HE} require the LLMs to have a polynomial form. Forming such a representation is challenging because transformers include non-polynomial components, such as…

Formal methods have been employed for requirements verification for a long time. However, it is difficult to automatically derive properties from natural language requirements. SpecVerify addresses this challenge by integrating large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weiqi Wang , Marie Farrell , Lucas C. Cordeiro , Liping Zhao

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy, yet both centralized and decentralized approaches face challenges in scalability, security, and update validation. We propose ZK-HybridFL, a secure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Amirhossein Taherpour , Xiaodong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent valuable intellectual property (IP), reflecting significant investments in training data, compute, and expertise. Deploying these models on partially trusted or insecure devices introduces substantial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Racchit Jain , Satya Lokam , Yehonathan Refael , Adam Hakim , Lev Greenberg , Jay Tenenbaum

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous, privacy concerns pertaining to inference inputs keep growing. In this context, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) has emerged as a primary cryptographic solution to provide non-interactive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jaiyoung Park , Sejin Park , Jai Hyun Park , Jung Ho Ahn , Jung Hee Cheon , Guillaume Hanrot , Jung Woo Kim , Minje Park , Damien Stehlé

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sunbowen Lee , Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Jialiang Zhang , Yicheng Gong , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaoyu Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

The large language models (LLMs) might produce a persuasive argument within mathematical and logical fields, although such argument often includes some minor missteps, including the entire omission of side conditions, invalid inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kranthi Kommuru , Kunal Khanvilkar , Gaurav Parekh