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Large Language Models (LLMs) confront significant memory challenges due to the escalating KV cache with increasing sequence length. As a crucial technique, existing cross-layer KV cache sharing methods either necessitate modified model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yixuan Wang , Haoyu Qiao , Lujun Li , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Disaggregated inference has become an essential framework that separates the prefill (P) and decode (D) stages in large language model inference to improve throughput. However, the KV cache transfer faces significant delays between prefill…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Weiqing Li , Guochao Jiang , Xiangyong Ding , Zhangcheng Tao , Chuzhan Hao , Chenfeng Xu , Yuewei Zhang , Hao Wang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have been seen as a promising competitor for autoregressive language models. However, diffusion language models have long been constrained by slow inference. A core challenge is that their non-autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xinyin Ma , Runpeng Yu , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Modern Large Language Model serving system batches multiple requests to achieve high throughput, while batching attention operations is challenging, rendering memory bandwidth a critical bottleneck. The community relies on high-end GPUs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Minsu Kim , Seongmin Hong , RyeoWook Ko , Soongyu Choi , Hunjong Lee , Junsoo Kim , Joo-Young Kim , Jongse Park

The combination of Federated Learning (FL), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), and edge-cloud computing enables distributed and real-time data processing while preserving privacy across edge devices and cloud infrastructure. However,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Gaith Rjouba , Hanae Elmekki , Saidul Islam , Jamal Bentahar , Rachida Dssouli

Data-driven methods have shown potential in electric-vehicle battery management tasks such as capacity estimation, but their deployment is bottlenecked by poor performance in data-limited scenarios. Sharing battery data among algorithm…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-18 Jiawei Zhang , Yu Zhang , Wei Xu , Yifei Zhang , Weiran Jiang , Qi Jiao , Yao Ren , Ziyou Song

In the age of big data, information security has become a major issue of debate, especially with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), where attackers can effortlessly obtain physical access to edge devices. The hash algorithm is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Jingyao Zhang , Elaheh Sadredini

Disaggregated memory (DM) is a promising data center architecture that decouples CPU and memory into independent resource pools to improve resource utilization. Building on DM, memory-disaggregated key-value (KV) stores are adopted to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhisheng Hu , Jiacheng Shen , Ming-Chang Yang

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often hindered by the extensive memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache, especially as context lengths increase. Existing approaches to reduce the KV cache size involve either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Alessio Devoto , Yu Zhao , Simone Scardapane , Pasquale Minervini

Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in AI infrastructure, driving the need for high throughput, resource efficient serving systems. Disaggregated LLM serving, which separates prompt prefill from auto-regressive decode,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Jianmin Hu , Chong Ma , Min Shen , Le Chen , Chengzhong Xu , Lin Qu , Kejiang Ye

The continual increase of cores on server-grade CPUs raises demands on memory systems, which are constrained by limited off-chip pin and data transfer rate scalability. As a result, high-end processors typically feature lower memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Divya Kiran Kadiyala , Alexandros Daglis

In LLM serving, reusing the KV cache of prompts across requests is critical for reducing TTFT and serving costs. Cache-affinity scheduling, which co-locates requests with the same prompt prefix to maximize KV cache reuse, often conflicts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ying Yuan , Pengfei Zuo , Bo Wang , Zhangyu Chen , Zhipeng Tan , Zhou Yu

We study a distributed framework for stochastic optimization which is inspired by models of collective motion found in nature (e.g., swarming) with mild communication requirements. Specifically, we analyze a scheme in which each one of $N >…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-08 Shi Pu , Alfredo Garcia

The serving paradigm of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly shifting towards complex multi-agent workflows where specialized agents collaborate over massive shared contexts. While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables the efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shao Wang , Rui Ren , Lin Gui

Heterogeneous accelerator-centric compute clusters are emerging as efficient solutions for diverse AI workloads. However, current integration strategies often compromise data movement efficiency and encounter compatibility issues in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ryan Albert Antonio , Joren Dumoulin , Xiaoling Yi , Josse Van Delm , Yunhao Deng , Guilherme Paim , Marian Verhelst

The limited HBM capacity has become the primary bottleneck for hosting an increasing number of larger-scale GPU tasks. While demand paging extends capacity via host DRAM, it incurs up to 78x slowdown due to the massive working sets and poor…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Weihang Shen , Yinqiu Chen , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

Addressing the challenge of balancing security and efficiency when deploying machine learning systems in untrusted environments, such as federated learning, remains a critical concern. A promising strategy to tackle this issue involves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Dongfang Zhao

A critical approach for efficiently deploying computationally demanding large language models (LLMs) is Key-Value (KV) caching. The KV cache stores key-value states of previously generated tokens, significantly reducing the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Akide Liu , Jing Liu , Zizheng Pan , Yefei He , Gholamreza Haffari , Bohan Zhuang

Vision-Language Large Models (VLLMs) face significant efficiency challenges when processing high-resolution inputs. The quadratic complexity in attention and autoregressive generation, as well as the constantly growing key value (KV) cache…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhonghua Jiang , Kunxi Li , Yiyun Zhou , Sihao Liu , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei lv , Shengyu Zhang