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In preparing for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), a worrisome aspect is the transition era which will be characterized by mixed traffic (where CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) share the roadway). Consistent with expectations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Runjia Du , Sikai Chen , Yujie Li , Jiqian Dong , Paul Young Joun Ha , Samuel Labi

Comprehensive and efficient validation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is critical prior to real-world deployment. While simulation-based testing offers scalability, existing approaches often lack seamless integration with real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kanglong Quan , Zhebing Xia , Linfeng Jiang , Hao Yu , Ziheng Qiao , Dapeng Dong , Dongyao Jia

Connected automated vehicles (CAVs) have brought new opportunities to improve traffic throughput and reduce energy consumption. However, the uncertain lane-change behaviors (LCBs) of surrounding vehicles (SVs) as an uncontrollable factor…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-05 Bohui Wang , Rong Su

The connected vehicle (CV) system promises unprecedented safety, mobility, environmental, economic and social benefits, which can be unlocked using the enormous amount of data shared between vehicles and infrastructure (e.g., traffic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Mashrur Chowdhury , Mizanur Rahman , Anjan Rayamajhi , Sakib Khan , Mhafuzul Islam , Zadid Khan , James Martin

The cooperative control of the connected and automated vehicle (CAV) is recognized as an effective approach to alleviate traffic congestion and improve traffic safety, especially for on-ramp bottlenecks. However, in the mixed traffic, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Haoji Liu , Weichao Zhuang , Guodong Yin , Rongcan Li , Chang Liu , Shanxing Zhou

This study presents a vehicle-level distributed coordination strategy to control a mixed traffic stream of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) and connected human-driven vehicles (CHVs) through signalized intersections. We use CAVs as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-14 Ramin Niroumand , Leila Hajibabai , Ali Hajbabaie

When connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are widely used in the future, we can foresee many essential applications, such as platoon formation and autonomous police patrolling, which need two CAVs, originally separated in a mixed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-28 Jiahua Qiu , Lili Du

Vehicle-road collaboration is a promising approach for enhancing the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving by extending the intelligence of onboard systems to smart roadside infrastructures. The introduction of digital twins (DTs),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Kui Wang , Kazuma Nonomura , Zongdian Li , Tao Yu , Kei Sakaguchi , Omar Hashash , Walid Saad , Changyang She , Yonghui Li

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can be beneficial for improving the operation of highway bottlenecks such as weaving sections. This paper proposes a bi-level control approach based on an upper-level deep reinforcement learning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Longhao Yan , Jinhao Liang , Kaidi Yang

Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) offer a promising solution to the challenges of mixed traffic with both CAVs and Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs). A significant hurdle in such scenarios is traffic oscillation, or the "stop-and-go"…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Xianda Chen , PakHin Tiu , Yihuai Zhang , Xinhu Zheng , Meixin Zhu

Trajectory planning of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) poses significant challenges in a mixed traffic environment due to the presence of human-driven vehicles (HDVs). In this paper, we apply a framework that allows coordination of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-31 Alejandra Valencia , A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

Since the traffic administration at road intersections determines the capacity bottleneck of modern transportation systems, intelligent cooperative coordination for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) has shown to be an effective solution.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Donglin Li , Tingting Zhang , Jiping Luo , Tianhao Liang , Bin Cao , Xuanli Wu , Qinyu Zhang

Cooperative autonomous driving, which extends vehicle autonomy by enabling real-time collaboration between vehicles and smart roadside infrastructure, remains a challenging yet essential problem. However, none of the existing testbeds…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Hyunchul Bae , Eunjae Lee , Jehyeop Han , Minhee Kang , Jaehyeon Kim , Junggeun Seo , Minkyun Noh , Heejin Ahn

The introduction of connected and automated vehicles (CAV) is believed to reduce congestion, enhance safety, and improve traffic efficiency. Numerous research studies have focused on controlling pure CAV platoons in fully connected…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Chenguang Zhao , Tamas G. Molnar , Huan Yu

Connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) must simultaneously perform multiple tasks, such as object detection, semantic segmentation, depth estimation, trajectory prediction, motion prediction, and behaviour prediction, to ensure safe and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiayuan Wang , Farhad Pourpanah , Q. M. Jonathan Wu , Ning Zhang

Cameras are a core sensing modality in modern intelligent transportation systems (ITS), providing rich visual information on road-user activities. Multi-Camera Vehicle Tracking (MCVT) uses this data to reconstruct vehicle trajectories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yuqiang Lin , Sam Lockyer , Shucheng Zhang , Florian Stanek , Markus Zarbock , Adrian Evans , Wenbin Li , Yinhai Wang , Nic Zhang

Navigating unsignalized roundabouts in mixed-autonomy traffic presents significant challenges due to dense vehicle interactions, lane-changing complexities, and behavioral uncertainties of human-driven vehicles (HDVs). This paper proposes a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Zhihao Lin , Jianglin Lan , Shuo Liu , Zhen Tian , Dezong Zhao , Chongfeng Wei

Safe overtaking, especially in a bidirectional mixed-traffic setting, remains a key challenge for Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). The presence of human-driven vehicles (HDVs), behavior unpredictability, and blind spots resulting from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Faizan M. Tariq , Nilesh Suriyarachchi , Christos Mavridis , John S. Baras

The development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) offers substantial opportunities to enhance traffic efficiency. However, in mixed autonomy environments where CAVs coexist with human-driven vehicles (HDVs), achieving efficient…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Lu Liu , Chi Xie , Xi Xiong

In mixed traffic environments, where Connected and Autonomed Vehicles (CAVs) coexist with potentially non-cooperative Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs), the self-centered behavior of human drivers may compromise the efficiency, optimality, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Anni Li , Ting Bai , Yingqing Chen , Christos G. Cassandras , Andreas A. Malikopoulos