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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are limited in localizing nanohertz continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) by uncertainties in pulsar distances. We introduce a method to infer pulsar distances in two dimensions, using phase information from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-23 Si-Ren Xiao , Ji-Yu Song , Yue Shao , Ling-Feng Wang , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

The circular polarization of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a key observable for characterising the origin of the signal detected by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations. Both the astrophysical and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-10 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

We provide an observation method for gravitational waves using a pulsar timing array to extend the observational frequency range up to the rotational frequency of pulsars. For this purpose, we perform an analysis of a perturbed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-04 Chan Park

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are used to search for long-wavelength gravitational waves (GWs) by monitoring a set of spin-stable millisecond pulsars. Most theoretical analyses assume that the relevant GW sources are much more distant from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-03 Dustin R. Madison , David F. Chernoff , James M. Cordes

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can detect disturbances in the fabric of spacetime on a galactic scale by monitoring the arrival time of pulses from millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Recent advancements have enabled the use of $\gamma$-ray radiation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-14 Hoang Nhan Luu , Tao Liu , Jing Ren , Tom Broadhurst , Ruizhi Yang , Jie-Shuang Wang , Zhen Xie

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are approaching the sensitivity required for a $5\sigma$ detection of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB). This makes it crucial to deeply understand the behaviour of our analysis…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-27 Irene Ferranti , Mikel Falxa , Federico Fantoccoli , Alberto Sesana , Golam Mohiuddin Shaifullah

We explore the potential of Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, EPTA, and PPTA to detect the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in theories of massive gravity. In General Relativity, the function describing the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Qiuyue Liang , Mark Trodden

Gravitational waves in general relativity are non-dispersive, yet a host of modified theories predict dispersion effects during propagation. In this work, we consider the impact of dispersion effects on gravitational-wave bursts from highly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-30 Nicholas Loutrel , Ava Bailey , Davide Gerosa

In the last decade, the use of an ensemble of radio pulsars to constrain the characteristic strain caused by a stochastic gravitational wave background has advanced the cause of detection of very low frequency gravitational waves…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-25 Bhal Chandra Joshi

We present a robust approach to incorporating models for the time-variable broadening of the pulse profile due to scattering in the ionized interstellar medium into profile-domain pulsar timing analysis. We use this approach to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-12 L. Lentati , M. Kerr , S. Dai , R. M. Shannon , G. Hobbs , S. Oslowski

Pulsar timing uses the highly stable pulsar spin period to investigate many astrophysical topics. In particular, pulsar timing arrays make use of a set of extremely well-timed pulsars and their time correlations as a challenging detector of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-16 Michele Maiorano , Francesco De Paolis , Achille A. Nucita

Recently, many different pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have reported strong evidence for a common stochastic process in their data sets. The reported amplitudes are in tension with previously computed upper limits. In this paper,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-29 Aaron D. Johnson , Sarah J. Vigeland , Xavier Siemens , Stephen R. Taylor

The observation of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is one of the goals of gravitational wave astronomy in the coming years. Massive (>10^8 solar masses) and low-redshift (< 1.5) sources are expected to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-19 Alberto Sesana , Alberto Vecchio

The nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is an excellent early universe laboratory for testing the fundamental properties of gravity. In this letter, we elucidate on the full potential of pulsar timing array (PTA) by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-24 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

We present the sensitivity of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array to gravitational waves emitted by individual super-massive black-hole binary systems in the early phases of coalescing at the cores of merged galaxies. Our analysis includes a…

Timing pulses of pulsars has proved to be a most powerful technique useful to a host of research areas in astronomy and physics. Importantly, the precision of this timing is not only affected by radiometer noise, but also by intrinsic pulse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 K. Liu , J. P. W. Verbiest , M. Kramer , B. W. Stappers , W. van Straten , J. M. Cordes

Observing non-Gaussianity in the timing residuals of Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) has recently attracted attention as a potential discriminator between astrophysical and cosmological origins of the observed Gravitational Wave (GW) signal. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Chiara Cecchini , Jonas El Gammal , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

Free electrons in the interstellar medium cause frequency-dependent delays in pulse arrival times due to both scattering and dispersion. Multi-frequency measurements are used to estimate and remove dispersion delays. In this paper, we focus…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 M. T. Lam , J. M. Cordes , S. Chatterjee , T. Dolch

Pulse profile stability in millisecond pulsars (MSPs) is a key factor in achieving high-precision timing essential for detecting nanohertz gravitational waves with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). In this work, we present a systematic analysis…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-17 Ankita Ghosh , Bhaswati Bhattacharyya , Rahul Sharan , Patrick Weltevrede , Jayanta Roy , Sangita Kumari

Gravitational waves provide a new probe of the Universe which can reveal a number of cosmological and astrophysical phenomena that cannot be observed by electromagnetic waves. Different frequencies of gravitational waves are detected by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-08 Jun'ichi Yokoyama
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