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Target-oriented dialogue systems, designed to proactively steer conversations toward predefined targets or accomplish specific system-side goals, are an exciting area in conversational AI. In this work, by formulating a <dialogue act,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Jian Wang , Yi Cheng , Dongding Lin , Chak Tou Leong , Wenjie Li

Task-oriented dialogue focuses on conversational agents that participate in user-initiated dialogues on domain-specific topics. In contrast to chatbots, which simply seek to sustain open-ended meaningful discourse, existing task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Mihail Eric , Christopher D. Manning

This paper presents a novel application of large language models in user simulation for task-oriented dialog systems, specifically focusing on an in-context learning approach. By harnessing the power of these models, the proposed approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Silvia Terragni , Modestas Filipavicius , Nghia Khau , Bruna Guedes , André Manso , Roland Mathis

Data scarcity is one of the main problems when it comes to real-world applications of transformer-based models. This is especially evident for task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems, which require specialized datasets, that are usually not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sebastian Steindl , Ulrich Schäfer , Bernd Ludwig

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are required to identify key information from conversations for the completion of given tasks. Such information is conventionally specified in terms of intents and slots contained in task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jeffrey Zhao , Raghav Gupta , Yuan Cao , Dian Yu , Mingqiu Wang , Harrison Lee , Abhinav Rastogi , Izhak Shafran , Yonghui Wu

Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) have recently attracted significant attention for their ability to generate voice responses directly to users' spoken queries. Despite their increasing popularity, there exists a gap in research focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chengqian Ma , Wei Tao , Yiwen Guo

Unlike traditional cascaded pipelines, end-to-end (E2E) spoken dialogue systems preserve full differentiability and capture non-phonemic information, making them well-suited for modeling spoken interactions. However, existing E2E approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siddhant Arora , Jinchuan Tian , Hayato Futami , Jee-weon Jung , Jiatong Shi , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Shinji Watanabe

Neural task-oriented dialogue systems often struggle to smoothly interface with a knowledge base. In this work, we seek to address this problem by proposing a new neural dialogue agent that is able to effectively sustain grounded,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Mihail Eric , Christopher D. Manning

Spoken dialogue is an intuitive form of human-computer interaction, yet current speech language models often remain constrained to turn-based exchanges, lacking real-time adaptability such as user barge-in. We propose a novel duplex speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Ke Hu , Ehsan Hosseini-Asl , Chen Chen , Edresson Casanova , Subhankar Ghosh , Piotr Żelasko , Zhehuai Chen , Jason Li , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

Spoken conversational systems require more than accurate speech generation to have human-like conversations: to feel natural and engaging, they must produce conversational behaviour that adapts dynamically to the context. Current spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Maike Züfle , Ondrej Klejch , Nicholas Sanders , Jan Niehues , Alexandra Birch , Tsz Kin Lam

Task-oriented dialogue systems aim at providing users with task-specific services. Users of such systems often do not know all the information about the task they are trying to accomplish, requiring them to seek information about the task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yue Feng , Hossein A. Rahmani , Aldo Lipani , Emine Yilmaz

Task-oriented dialogues often require agents to enact complex, multi-step procedures in order to meet user requests. While large language models have found success automating these dialogues in constrained environments, their widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Julia White , Arushi Raghuvanshi , Yada Pruksachatkun

Embodied agents designed to assist users with tasks must engage in natural language interactions, interpret instructions, execute actions, and communicate effectively to resolve issues. However, collecting large-scale, diverse datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Philipov , Vardhan Dongre , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

We propose a novel preference alignment framework for improving spoken dialogue models on real-time conversations from user interactions. Current preference learning methods primarily focus on text-based language models, and are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Anne Wu , Laurent Mazaré , Neil Zeghidour , Alexandre Défossez

Task-oriented dialogue systems (TDSs) are assessed mainly in an offline setting or through human evaluation. The evaluation is often limited to single-turn or is very time-intensive. As an alternative, user simulators that mimic user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Weiwei Sun , Shuyu Guo , Shuo Zhang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

This review gives an extensive overview of evaluation methods for task-oriented dialogue systems, paying special attention to practical applications of dialogue systems, for example for customer service. The review (1) provides an overview…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Anouck Braggaar , Christine Liebrecht , Emiel van Miltenburg , Emiel Krahmer

An important unexplored aspect in previous work on user satisfaction estimation for Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems is their evaluation in terms of robustness for the identification of user dissatisfaction: current benchmarks for user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Amin Abolghasemi , Zhaochun Ren , Arian Askari , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke , Suzan Verberne

Task-oriented Dialogue (TOD) Systems aim to build dialogue systems that assist users in accomplishing specific goals, such as booking a hotel or a restaurant. Traditional TODs rely on domain-specific APIs/DBs or external factual knowledge…

We present BotSIM, a data-efficient end-to-end Bot SIMulation toolkit for commercial text-based task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems. BotSIM consists of three major components: 1) a Generator that can infer semantic-level dialog acts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Guangsen Wang , Samson Tan , Shafiq Joty , Gang Wu , Jimmy Au , Steven Hoi

Task-oriented conversational agents rely on semantic parsers to translate natural language to formal representations. In this paper, we propose the design and rationale of the ThingTalk formal representation, and how the design improves the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Monica S. Lam , Giovanni Campagna , Mehrad Moradshahi , Sina J. Semnani , Silei Xu