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Digital Twin (DT) has gained great interest as an innovative technology in Industry 4.0 that enables advanced modeling, simulation, and optimization of service and manufacturing systems. This article provides an extensive review of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Sarow Saeedi

Digital Twin has emerged as a promising paradigm for accurately representing wireless communication electromagnetic environments. The resulting virtual representation of reality facilitates comprehensive insights into the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-03 Michele Zhu , Lorenzo Cazzella , Francesco Linsalata , Maurizio Magarini , Matteo Matteucci , Umberto Spagnolini

This paper introduces a sensor steering methodology based on deep reinforcement learning to enhance the predictive accuracy and decision support capabilities of digital twins by optimising the data acquisition process. Traditional sensor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-27 Collins O. Ogbodo , Timothy J. Rogers , Mattia Dal Borgo , David J. Wagg

We develop an optimal version of a prior two-stage channel estimation protocol for RIS-assisted channels. The new design uses a modified DFT matrix (MDFT) for the training phases at the RIS and is shown to minimize the total channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Chelsea L. Miller , Peter J. Smith , Pawel A. Dmochowski

The applications of Digital Twins (DT) and Generative AI (GenAI) have demonstrated their capabilities in modeling and learning-based wireless communications. However, their joint potential for proactive wireless system design remains…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Afan Ali , Ali Arshad Nasir , Daniel Benevides da Costa

Digital Twin was introduced over a decade ago, as an innovative all-encompassing tool, with perceived benefits including real-time monitoring, simulation and forecasting. However, the theoretical framework and practical implementations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Angira Sharma , Edward Kosasih , Jie Zhang , Alexandra Brintrup , Anisoara Calinescu

Deep learning-based (DL-based) channel state information (CSI) feedback for a Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has proved to be a creative and efficient application. However, the existing systems ignored the wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-13 Haozhen Li , Boyuan Zhang , Xin Liang , Haoran Chang , Xinyu Gu , Lin Zhang

Digital twins have emerged as a transformative technology for modeling and simulation in various industries, including defense. This paper provides a comprehensive review of digital twin applications in defense modeling and simulation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Marco Giberna , Holger Voos , Paulo Tavares , João Nunes , Tobias Sorg , Andrea Masini , Jose Luis Sanchez-Lopez

Localization in outdoor wireless systems typically requires transmitting specific reference signals to estimate distance (trilateration methods) or angle (triangulation methods). These cause overhead on communication, need a LoS link to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-15 João Morais , Ahmed Alkhateeb

This article discusses the use of digital twins for products made of polymer composite materials. The design of new products from polymer composite materials, both within the framework of the traditional and new direction of cloud…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Maksim Kubrikov , Mikhail Saramud , Angelina Petetskaya , Evgeniy Talay

Reducing feedback overhead in beyond 5G networks is a critical challenge, as the growing number of antennas in modern massive MIMO systems substantially increases the channel state information (CSI) feedback demand in frequency division…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Sehyun Ryu , Hyun Jong Yang

Time division duplexing (TDD) has become the dominant duplexing mode in 5G and beyond due to its ability to exploit channel reciprocity for efficient downlink channel state information (CSI) acquisition. However, channel aging caused by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Francisco Díaz-Ruiz , Francisco J. Martín-Vega , José Antonio Cortés , Gerardo Gómez , Mari Carmen Aguayo-Torres

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as an attractive decentralized solution for wireless networks to collaboratively train a shared model while keeping data localized. As a general approach, existing FL methods tend to assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Francesco Pase , Marco Giordani , Michele Zorzi

Precisely modeling radio propagation in dynamic wireless environments is fundamental to the realization of wireless digital twins. Traditional ray tracing methods rely on accurate 3D models with detailed environment parameters, while recent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuru Zhang , Ming Zhao , Qiang Liu , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Abhishek K. Agrawal , Qi Qu

Digital network twin (DNT) is a promising paradigm to replicate real-world cellular networks toward continual assessment, proactive management, and what-if analysis. Existing discussions have been focusing on using only deep learning…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Yuru Zhang , Ming Zhao , Qiang Liu

Although the emergence of 6G IoT networks has accelerated the deployment of enhanced smart city services, the resource limitations of IoT devices remain as a significant problem. Given this limitation, meeting the low-latency service…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kubra Duran , Lal Verda Cakir , Sana Ullah Jan , Kerem Gursu , Berk Canberk

Digital twins, which are a new concept in industrial control systems (ICS), play a key role in realizing the vision of a smart factory, and they can have different effective use cases. With digital twins, we have virtual replicas of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-08 Fatemeh Akbarian , Emma Fitzgerald , Maria Kihl

Digital twins (DTs) rely on continuous synchronization between physical systems and their virtual counterparts through online parameter estimation under uncertainty. In many practical settings, however, this task is challenged by low…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yasar Yanik , Himadri Basu , Ricardo G. Sanfelice , Daniele Venturi

In this paper, we investigate an accurate synchronization between a physical network and its digital network twin (DNT), which serves as a virtual representation of the physical network. The considered network includes a set of base…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hanzhi Yu , Yuchen Liu , Zhaohui Yang , Haijian Sun , Mingzhe Chen

Deep learning based channel state information (CSI) feedback in frequency division duplex systems has drawn much attention in both academia and industry. In this paper, we focus on integrating the Type-II codebook in the beyond…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ke Ma , Yiliang Sang , Yang Ming , Jin Lian , Chang Tian , Zhaocheng Wang
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