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Despite the impressive performance of vision-language models (VLMs) on downstream tasks, their ability to understand and reason about causal relationships in visual inputs remains unclear. Robust causal reasoning is fundamental to solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Haoxuan Li , Xin Eric Wang , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jieyu Zhao

Transformer-based architectures have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in the Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. However, such models are likely to disregard crucial visual cues and often rely on multimodal shortcuts and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Maria Parelli , Dimitrios Mallis , Markos Diomataris , Vassilis Pitsikalis

GQA~\citep{hudson2019gqa} is a dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering. We found that many answers predicted by the best vision-language models on the GQA dataset do not match the ground-truth answer but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Man Luo , Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Riley Tallman , Yankai Zeng , Manuha Vancha , Akarshan Sajja , Chitta Baral

Vision Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with chart understanding tasks, particularly in accurate chart description and complex reasoning. Synthetic data generation is a promising solution, while usually facing the challenge of noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Gongyao Jiang , Qiong Luo

Visual reasoning is challenging, requiring both precise object grounding and understanding complex spatial relationships. Existing methods fall into two camps: language-only chain-of-thought approaches, which demand large-scale (image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Damiano Marsili , Georgia Gkioxari

Purpose: Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promising performance in surgical visual question answering (VQA). However, existing surgical VQA datasets often contain linguistic shortcuts, where question phrasing implicitly constrains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jongmin Shin , Ka Young Kim , Eunki Cho , Seong Tae Kim , Namkee Oh

Humans learn to solve tasks of increasing complexity by building on top of previously acquired knowledge. Typically, there exists a natural progression in the tasks that we learn - most do not require completely independent solutions, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Seung Wook Kim , Makarand Tapaswi , Sanja Fidler

Images often communicate more than they literally depict: a set of tools can suggest an occupation and a cultural artifact can suggest a tradition. This kind of indirect visual reference, known as visual metonymy, invites viewers to recover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saptarshi Ghosh , Linfeng Liu , Tianyu Jiang

Multimodal reasoning models often produce fluent answers supported by seemingly coherent rationales. Existing benchmarks evaluate only final-answer correctness. They do not support atomic visual entailment verification of intermediate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Saleem Ahmed , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraju

Visual program synthesis is a promising approach to exploit the reasoning abilities of large language models for compositional computer vision tasks. Previous work has used few-shot prompting with frozen LLMs to synthesize visual programs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zaid Khan , Vijay Kumar BG , Samuel Schulter , Yun Fu , Manmohan Chandraker

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models have driven breakthroughs in visual question answering. Yet, a critical gap persists, `conceptualization'-the ability to recognize and reason about the same concept despite variations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zahra Babaiee , Peyman M. Kiasari , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Visual reasoning, the capability to interpret visual input in response to implicit text query through multi-step reasoning, remains a challenge for deep learning models due to the lack of relevant benchmarks. Previous work in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yiqing Shen , Chenjia Li , Chenxiao Fan , Mathias Unberath

We marry two powerful ideas: deep representation learning for visual recognition and language understanding, and symbolic program execution for reasoning. Our neural-symbolic visual question answering (NS-VQA) system first recovers a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Kexin Yi , Jiajun Wu , Chuang Gan , Antonio Torralba , Pushmeet Kohli , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Vision-language models (VLMs) still struggle with visual perception tasks such as spatial understanding and viewpoint recognition. One plausible contributing factor is that natural image datasets provide limited supervision for low-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Guanyu Zhou , Yida Yin , Wenhao Chai , Shengbang Tong , Xingyu Fu , Zhuang Liu

Programming based approaches to reasoning tasks have substantially expanded the types of questions models can answer about visual scenes. Yet on benchmark visual reasoning data, when models answer correctly, they produce incorrect programs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Artemis Panagopoulou , Honglu Zhou , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Chris Callison-Burch , Mark Yatskar , Juan Carlos Niebles

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenge task that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques and gradually becomes a benchmark test task in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The goal of our survey is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiayi Kuang , Jingyou Xie , Haohao Luo , Ronghao Li , Zhe Xu , Xianfeng Cheng , Yinghui Li , Xika Lin , Ying Shen

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), or Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have shown impressive capabilities in a wide range of visual tasks. However, they often struggle with fine-grained visual reasoning, failing to identify domain-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yucheng Shi , Quanzheng Li , Jin Sun , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

The predominant approach to visual question answering (VQA) relies on encoding the image and question with a "black-box" neural encoder and decoding a single token as the answer like "yes" or "no". Despite this approach's strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Weixin Liang , Feiyang Niu , Aishwarya Reganti , Govind Thattai , Gokhan Tur

This paper is a pioneering work attempting to address abstract visual reasoning (AVR) problems for large vision-language models (VLMs). We make a common LLaVA-NeXT 7B model capable of perceiving and reasoning about specific AVR problems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Ke Zhu , Yu Wang , Jiangjiang Liu , Qunyi Xie , Shanshan Liu , Gang Zhang

A hallmark of advanced artificial intelligence is the capacity to progress from passive visual perception to the strategic modification of visual information to facilitate complex reasoning. This advanced capability, however, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jingkun Ma , Runzhe Zhan , Yang Li , Di Sun , Hou Pong Chan , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong