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End-to-end Vision-language Models (VLMs) often answer visual questions by exploiting spurious correlations instead of causal visual evidence, and can become more shortcut-prone when fine-tuned. We introduce VISTA (Visual-Information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zhaonan Li , Shijie Lu , Fei Wang , Jacob Dineen , Xiao Ye , Zhikun Xu , Siyi Liu , Young Min Cho , Bangzheng Li , Daniel Chang , Kenny Nguyen , Qizheng Yang , Muhao Chen , Ben Zhou

Natural language provides a widely accessible and expressive interface for robotic agents. To understand language in complex environments, agents must reason about the full range of language inputs and their correspondence to the world.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Stephanie Zhou , Alane Suhr , Yoav Artzi

Despite remarkable advances in automated visual recognition by machines, some visual tasks remain challenging for machines. Fleuret et al. (2011) introduced the Synthetic Visual Reasoning Test (SVRT) to highlight this point, which required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Lu Yihe , Scott C. Lowe , Penelope A. Lewis , Mark C. W. van Rossum

We consider a class of visual analogical reasoning problems that involve discovering the sequence of transformations by which pairs of input/output images are related, so as to analogously transform future inputs. This program synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Atharv Sonwane , Gautam Shroff , Lovekesh Vig , Ashwin Srinivasan , Tirtharaj Dash

Machine learning practitioners often need to compare multiple models to select the best one for their application. However, current methods of comparing models fall short because they rely on aggregate metrics that can be difficult to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Liudas Panavas , Tarik Crnovrsanin , Racquel Fygenson , Eamon Conway , Derek Millard , Norbou Buchler , Cody Dunne

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that integrate visual and textual reasoning leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to tackle complex visual tasks, yet continue to exhibit visual hallucinations and an over-reliance on textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jing Bi , Guangyu Sun , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have transformed tasks requiring visual and reasoning abilities, such as image retrieval and Visual Question Answering (VQA). Despite their success, VLMs face significant challenges with tasks involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ayush Singh , Mansi Gupta , Shivank Garg , Abhinav Kumar , Vansh Agrawal

Visual reasoning over structured data such as tables is a critical capability for modern vision-language models (VLMs), yet current benchmarks remain limited in scale, diversity, or reasoning depth, especially when it comes to rendered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boammani Aser Lompo , Marc Haraoui

Recently, to comprehensively improve Vision Language Models (VLMs) for Visual Question Answering (VQA), several methods have been proposed to further reinforce the inference capabilities of VLMs to independently tackle VQA tasks rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zeqing Wang , Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Runmeng Chen , Minjie Lang , Xiao Wang , Keze Wang , Liang Lin

In question-answering scenarios, humans can assess whether the available information is sufficient and seek additional information if necessary, rather than providing a forced answer. In contrast, Vision Language Models (VLMs) typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Li Liu , Diji Yang , Sijia Zhong , Kalyana Suma Sree Tholeti , Lei Ding , Yi Zhang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Video Question Answering (VQA) requires models to reason over spatial, temporal, and causal cues in videos. Recent vision language models (VLMs) achieve strong results but often rely on shallow correlations, leading to weak temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Haodi Ma , Vyom Pathak , Daisy Zhe Wang

In visual question answering (VQA), an algorithm must answer text-based questions about images. While multiple datasets for VQA have been created since late 2014, they all have flaws in both their content and the way algorithms are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Kushal Kafle , Christopher Kanan

Visual question answering (VQA) is an interesting learning setting for evaluating the abilities and shortcomings of current systems for image understanding. Many of the recently proposed VQA systems include attention or memory mechanisms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Allan Jabri , Armand Joulin , Laurens van der Maaten

Recent developments in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have equipped language models to reason about vision and language jointly. This permits MLLMs to both perceive and answer questions about data visualization across a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhimin Li , Haichao Miao , Xinyuan Yan , Valerio Pascucci , Matthew Berger , Shusen Liu

Recent progress in Vision Language Models (VLMs) has raised the question of whether they can reliably perform nonverbal reasoning. To this end, we introduce VRIQ (Visual Reasoning IQ), a novel benchmark designed to assess and analyze the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Tina Khezresmaeilzadeh , Jike Zhong , Konstantinos Psounis

Visual question answering (VQA) has been gaining a lot of traction in the machine learning community in the recent years due to the challenges posed in understanding information coming from multiple modalities (i.e., images, language). In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Muralikrishnna G. Sethuraman , Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri , J. Clayton Kerce

Zero-shot Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a prominent vision-language task that examines both the visual and textual understanding capability of systems in the absence of training data. Recently, by converting the images into captions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yunshi Lan , Xiang Li , Xin Liu , Yang Li , Wei Qin , Weining Qian

Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that combines both the techniques of computer vision and natural language processing. It requires models to answer a text-based question according to the information contained in a visual. In recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Yeyun Zou , Qiyu Xie

Despite strong performance in visual understanding and language-based reasoning, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle with tasks requiring integrated perception and symbolic computation. We study this limitation through visual equation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Monjoy Narayan Choudhury , Junling Wang , Yifan Hou , Mrinmaya Sachan

Visual question answering (VQA) refers to the problem where, given an image and a natural language question about the image, a correct natural language answer has to be generated. A VQA model has to demonstrate both the visual understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Raihan Kabir , Naznin Haque , Md Saiful Islam , Marium-E-Jannat