Related papers: The FLASH enigma
The propagation of a superintense laser pulse in an underdense, inhomogeneous plasma has been studied numerically by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations on a time scale extending up to several picoseconds. The effects of the ion…
Fast radio bursts are mysterious transient sources likely located at cosmological distances. The derived brightness temperatures exceed by many orders of magnitude the self-absorption limit of incoherent synchrotron radiation, implying the…
We present a comprehensive experimental analysis of statistical properties of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH at DESY in Hamburg by means of Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry. The…
Radiation therapy has remained as one of the main cancer treatment modalities and a highly cost-effective single modality treatment of cancer care. Typical regimens for fractionated external beam radiotherapy comprise a constant dose…
Prompted by high resolution observations, I propose an explanation for the 40+ year old problem of structure and energy balance in the solar transition region. The ingredients are simply cross-field diffusion of neutral atoms from cool…
The temporal and spectral properties of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are studied. The delay of low energy photons relative to high energy ones in the gamma-ray variations of the TGFs with high signal to noise ratio has been revealed…
Cosmic rays are a fundamental source of ionization for molecular and diffuse clouds, influencing their chemical, thermal, and dynamical evolution. The amount of cosmic rays inside a cloud also determines the $\gamma$-ray flux produced by…
Directed cell motion in response to an external chemical gradient occurs in many biological phenomena such as wound healing, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Chemotaxis is often characterized by the accuracy, persistence, and speed of…
The supposed supraluminal velocities of light are caused above all by interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation from the sender and/or the own environment. Anti-Stokes frequencies which result in the consequence that the…
The propagation of Langmuir waves in plasmas is known to be sensitive to density fluctuations. Such fluctuations may lead to the coexistence of wave pairs that have almost opposite wave-numbers in the vicinity of their reflection points.…
A novel nonlinear effect of anomalously deep penetration of an external radio frequency electric field into a plasma is discribed. A self-consistent kinetic treatment reveals a transition region between the sheath and the plasma. Because of…
We have recorded the coherent diffraction images of individual xenon clusters with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to elucidate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the diffraction pattern. Using the FLASH free-electron…
Motivated by recent experiments pertaining to the interaction of weak SASE-FEL pulses with atoms and molecules, we investigate the conditions under which such interactions can be described in the framework of a simple phase-diffusion model…
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. After surgery, chemotherapy, and other invasive treatments, hyperthermia is a suitable choice with the minimal side effects. In this paper, the treatment of breast…
The evolutionary and ecological dynamics of tumors under immune responses and therapeutic interventions pose major challenges to long-term treatment success. Although treatment may initially achieve short-term disease control, resistant…
Analytic treatment is presented of the electrostatic instability of an initially planar electron hole in a plasma of effectively infinite particle magnetization. It is shown that there is an unstable mode consisting of a rigid shift of the…
The influence of laser frequency on laser-driven ion acceleration is investigated by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When ultrashort intense laser pulse at higher harmonic frequency irradiates a thin solid foil, the…
We observe strong correlations between the temporal properties of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and their apparent peak brightness. The strongest effect (with a significance level of 10^{-6}) is the difference between the brightness distributions…
The pattern of radiation energy deposition in substances at the microscopic level of lattice, molecule size, or the cell's nucleus is not uniform. The energy of radiation is transferred to the substance medium in the form of discrete,…
We studied lasing modes in a disordered photonic crystal. The scaling of the lasing threshold with the system size depends on the strength of disorder. For sufficiently large size, the minimum of the lasing threshold occurs at some finite…