Related papers: Rainbow formation: from Descartes to Venus
Binary stars produce an array of dramatic astrophysical phenomena. They allow us to probe stellar structure, nuclear physics, and gravitational wave physics. They also produce the powerful supernovae that allow us to measure the scale of…
The surface of both Jupiter and Saturn has magnificent vortical storms which help shape the dynamic nature of their atmospheres. Land- and space-based observational campaigns over time have established several properties of these vortices,…
Based on luminosity contributions, we develop a spectroscopic modelling method to derive atmospheric parameters of component stars in binary systems. The method is designed for those spectra of binaries which show double-lined features due…
Data from the Galileo mission to Jupiter and the Apollo mission to the Moon show isotopically distinct types of xenon in Jupiter and in the Sun and evidence of a mass separation process that selectively moves lighter elements and the…
Life in the clouds of Venus, if present in sufficiently high abundance, must be affecting the atmospheric chemistry. It has been proposed that abundant Venusian life could obtain energy from its environment using three possible sulfur…
We predict how a remote observer would see the brightness variations of giant planets similar to Jupiter and Saturn as they orbit their central stars. We model the geometry of Jupiter, Saturn and Saturn's rings for varying orbital and…
An unknown absorber near the cloud top level of Venus generates a broad absorption feature from the ultraviolet (UV) to visible, peaking around 360 nm, and therefore plays a critical role in the solar energy absorption. We present a…
General rogue waves in the Davey-Stewartson-I equation are derived by the bilinear method. It is shown that the simplest (fundamental) rogue waves are line rogue waves which arise from the constant background with a line profile and then…
Neptune has brightened by more than 10% during the past several decades. We report on the analysis of published Johnson-Cousins B and V magnitudes dating back to 1954 along with new U, B, V, R, Rc, I and Ic photometry that we recorded…
We investigate the derivation of Friedmann equations in Rainbow gravity following Jacobson thermodynamic approach. We do not restrict the rainbow functions to be constant as is customarily used, and show that the first law of thermodynamics…
It is shown that the scattering length can be obtained by solving a Riccati equation derived from variable phase theory. Two methods of solving it are presented. The equation is used to predict how long-range interactions influence the…
The properties of light in the presence of electromagnetic and gravitational fields are compared. Once one takes account of the fact that clock rates vary with distance from a massive object, it is argued that in an absolute sense light…
Motivated by a pilot experiment conducted by F.Vannucci et al. during a solar eclipse, we work out the geometry governing the radiative decays of solar neutrinos. Surprisingly, although a smaller proportion of the photons can be detected,…
Blazars are expected to produce both gamma rays and cosmic rays. Therefore, observed high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars may contain a significant contribution from secondary gamma rays produced along the line of sight by the…
An edge-coloured path is \emph{rainbow} if its edges have distinct colours. An edge-coloured connected graph is said to be \emph{rainbow connected} if any two vertices are connected by a rainbow path, and \emph{strongly rainbow connected}…
The shape of the two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, is determined primarily by their rotation rate, and interior density distribution. It is also affected by their zonal winds, causing an anomaly of O(10 km) at low latitudes. However,…
Segregation patterns of size-bidisperse particle mixtures in a fully-three-dimensional flow produced by alternately rotating a spherical tumbler about two perpendicular axes are studied over a range of particle sizes and volume ratios using…
In this paper we analyze the length-spectrum of rainbows in RNA secondary structures. A rainbow in a secondary structure is a maximal arc with respect to the partial order induced by nesting. We show that there is a significant gap in this…
We report new high-precision observations of the polarization of light scattered from the atmosphere of Venus, made 100 years after the pioneering studies by Bernard Lyot. The new observations include disk-integrated observations in a range…
Increasing any degree of freedom of light beam may open a wide application area of this special light beam. Vortex beam with a dimension of orbital angular momentum (OAM) as a useful light source has been widely applied in many fields.…