Related papers: Rainbow formation: from Descartes to Venus
In the context of gravity's rainbow, we study the deformed Starobinsky model in which the deformations take the form $f(R)\sim R^{2(1-\alpha)}$, with $R$ the Ricci scalar and $\alpha$ a positive parameter. We show that the spectral index of…
The zenith angle distributions of atmospheric neutrinos are determined by the possible presence of neutrino oscillations and the combination of three most important contributions: (1) geomagnetic effects on the primary cosmic rays, that…
The existence of a secondary bow is confirmed for 13C+12C nuclear rainbow scattering in addition to the 16O+12C system. This is found by studying the experimental angular distribution of 13C+12C scattering at the incident 13C energy…
Looking for the primary rainbow in starlight that is reflected by exoplanets appears to be a promising method to search for liquid water clouds in exoplanetary atmospheres. Ice water clouds, that consist of water crystals instead of water…
Vapor condensation with removing of latent heat by emission of characteristic frequencies allows fast droplets formation in big volumes, which becomes possible with spatial redistribution and spreading of condensation nuclei and ions formed…
The possibility of modifications on general relativity is investigated. We propose an alternative theory of gravity constructed with the combination of Rastall and Rainbow theories. The hydrostatic equilibrium equations are obtained in…
Scattering processes in the atmospheres of planets cause characteristic features that can be particularly well observed in polarisation. For planet Earth, both molecular and scattering by small particles imprint specific signatures in its…
The rainbow reflection effect describes the broadband spatial separation of wave spectral components caused by a spatially graded array of resonators. Although mainly studied in optics and acoustics, this phenomenon has recently been…
Stars and planets are the fundamental objects of the Universe. Their formation processes, though related, may differ in important ways. Stars almost certainly form from gravitational collapse and probably have formed this way since the…
Recent experiments have reported measurements of rainbow scattering features in the angular distributions of hyperthermal Ar colliding with LiF(001) [Kondo et al., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 244713 (2005)]. A semiclassical theory of atom-surface…
A defining characteristic of the planet Venus is its thick, CO2-dominated atmosphere. Despite over fifty years of robotic exploration, including thirteen successful atmosphere probes and landers, our knowledge of N2, the…
The nuclear rainbow observed in the elastic $\alpha$-nucleus and light heavy-ion scattering is proven to be due to the refraction of the scattering wave by a deep, attractive real optical potential. The nuclear rainbow pattern, established…
Context. Reflected light from a spatially unresolved planet yields unique insight into the overall optical properties of the planet cover. Glories are optical phenomena caused by light that is backscattered within spherical droplets…
We explore the dominant modes of variability in the observed albedo at the cloud tops of Venus using the Akatsuki UVI 283-nm and 365-nm observations, which are sensitive to SO2 and unknown UV absorber distributions respectively, over the…
A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have different colours. The problem of finding rainbow subgraphs goes back to the work of Euler on transversals in Latin squares and was extensively studied since then.…
The use of algebraic techniques to solve combinatorial problems is studied in this paper. We formulate the rainbow connectivity problem as a system of polynomial equations. We first consider the case of two colors for which the problem is…
The atmosphere of Venus remains mysterious, with many outstanding chemical connundra. These include: the unexpected presence of ~10 ppm O2 in the cloud layers; an unknown composition of large particles in the lower cloud layers; and hard to…
During the years 2016 to 2018, the instruments Akatsuki/IR2 (JAXA) and IRTF/SpeX (NASA) acquired a large set of images at 1.74, 2.26 and 2.32 {\mu}m to study the nightside mid-to-lower clouds (48-60 km) of Venus. Here we summarize the rich…
The Venusian clouds originate from the binary condensation of H$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ and H$_{2}$O. The two components strongly interact with each other via chemistry and cloud formation. Previous works adopted sophisticated microphysical…
In view of the observation by IceCube of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, it is important to quantify the uncertainty in the background of atmospheric neutrinos. There are two sources of uncertainty, the imperfect knowledge of the…