Related papers: Rainbow formation: from Descartes to Venus
A rainbow is a captivating natural phenomenon resulting from the refraction, dispersion, and reflection of sunlight within water droplets. Traditional classroom demonstrations often focus on qualitative explanations of the formation of…
We discuss three rainbow theories created by Descartes, Newton and Young. The note is written primary for school students.
Rainbows are generally considered to be caused by static refraction and reflection. A primary and a secondary rainbow appear due to refraction and internal reflection in a raindrop as explained by Newton. The quantum nuclear rainbow, which…
This chapter represents an attempt to summarize some of the direct and indirect connections that exist between ray theory, wave theory and potential scattering theory. Such connections have been noted in the past, and have been exploited to…
The tidal deformations of a planet are often considered as markers of its inner structure. In this work, we use the tide excitations induced by the Sun on Venus for deciphering the nature of its internal layers. In using a Monte Carlo…
The scattering of light by water droplets can produce one of the most beautiful phenomena in Nature: the rainbow. This optical phenomenon has analogues in molecular, atomic and nuclear physics. Recently, rainbow scattering has been shown to…
The evolution of a single raindrop falling below a cloud is governed by fluid dynamics and thermodynamics fundamentally transferable to planetary atmospheres beyond modern Earth's. Here, we show how three properties that characterize…
Given an edge-coloured graph, we say that a subgraph is rainbow if all of its edges have different colours. Let $\operatorname{ex}(n,H,$rainbow-$F)$ denote the maximal number of copies of $H$ that a properly edge-coloured graph on $n$…
A popular demonstration experiment in optics uses a round-bottom flask filled with water to project a circular rainbow on a screen with a hole through which the flask is illuminated. We show how the vessel's wall shifts the second-order and…
Hydrocarbon mixtures are extremely abundant in the Universe, and diamond formation from them can play a crucial role in shaping the interior structure and evolution of planets. With first-principles accuracy, we first estimate the diamond…
In this paper we present a construction of effective cosmological models which describe the propagation of a massive quantum scalar field on a quantum anisotropic cosmological spacetime. Each obtained effective model is represented by a…
We study the elastic scattering of a planar wave in the curved spacetime of a compact object such as a neutron star, via a heuristic model: a scalar field impinging upon a spherically-symmetric uniform density star of radius $R$ and mass…
Given a graph $G$ and a coloring of its edges, a subgraph of $G$ is called rainbow if its edges have distinct colors. The rainbow girth of an edge coloring of G is the minimum length of a rainbow cycle in G. A generalization of the famous…
Rainfall from ice-free cumulus clouds requires collisions of large numbers of microscopic droplets to create every raindrop. The onset of rain showers can be surprisingly rapid, much faster than the mean time required for a single…
A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colours. Our main result implies that, given any optimal colouring of a sufficiently large complete graph $K_{2n}$, there exists a decomposition of…
It is shown that unlike Einstein's gravity quadratic gravity produces dispersive photon propagation. The energy-dependent contribution to the deflection of photons passing by the Sun is computed and subsequently the angle at which the…
One of the most intriguing, long-standing questions regarding Venus' atmosphere is the origin and distribution of the unknown UV-absorber, responsible for the absorption band detected at the near-UV and blue range of Venus' spectrum. In…
The variation of the solar diameter in time and in position angle has implications in astrophysics and in general relativity, as the long series of studies attest. The Transits of Venus in 2004 and 2012 have been carefully studied because…
Confirming the existence of compact objects with a mass greater than $2.5M_{\odot}$ by observational results such as GW190814 makes that is possible to provide theories to justify these observational results using modified gravity. This…
The atmospheric circulation in Venus is well known to exhibit strong super-rotation. However, the atmospheric mechanisms responsible for the formation of this super-rotation are still not fully understood. In this work, we developed a new…