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Related papers: PYTHEN: A Flexible Framework for Legal Reasoning i…

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Understanding and reasoning about physics is an important ability of intelligent agents. We develop the PHYRE benchmark for physical reasoning that contains a set of simple classical mechanics puzzles in a 2D physical environment. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Anton Bakhtin , Laurens van der Maaten , Justin Johnson , Laura Gustafson , Ross Girshick

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive general capabilities, their direct application in the legal domain is often hindered by a lack of precise domain knowledge and complexity of performing rigorous multi-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haitao Li , Yifan Chen , Shuo Miao , Qian Dong , Jia Chen , Yiran Hu , Junjie Chen , Minghao Qin , Yueyue Wu , Yujia Zhou , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Cheng Luo , Quan Zhou , Ya Zhang , Jikun Hu

Evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in scientific domains like mathematics and physics poses unique challenges that go far beyond predicting final answers. These domains demand conceptual understanding, symbolic reasoning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Shima Imani , Seungwhan Moon , Adel Ahmadyan , Lu Zhang , Kirmani Ahmed , Babak Damavandi

The work reported here introduces Defeasible Logic Programming (DeLP), a formalism that combines results of Logic Programming and Defeasible Argumentation. DeLP provides the possibility of representing information in the form of weak rules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alejandro Javier Garcia , Guillermo Ricardo Simari

Users in many domains use machine learning (ML) predictions to help them make decisions. Effective ML-based decision-making often requires explanations of ML models and their predictions. While there are many algorithms that explain models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Alexandra Zytek , Wei-En Wang , Dongyu Liu , Laure Berti-Equille , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Given a natural language statement, how to verify its veracity against a large-scale textual knowledge source like Wikipedia? Most existing neural models make predictions without giving clues about which part of a false claim goes wrong. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Jiangjie Chen , Qiaoben Bao , Changzhi Sun , Xinbo Zhang , Jiaze Chen , Hao Zhou , Yanghua Xiao , Lei Li

Hardware generation languages (HGLs) increase hardware design productivity by creating parameterized modules and test benches. Unfortunately, existing tools are not widely adopted due to several demerits, including limited support for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jintao Sun , Zeke Wang , Tao Lu , Wenzhi Chen

Reasoning benchmarks have played a crucial role in the progress of language models. Yet rigorous evaluation remains a significant challenge as static question-answer pairs provide only a snapshot of performance, compressing complex behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sergio Servantez , Sarah B. Lawsky , Rajiv Jain , Daniel W. Linna , Kristian Hammond

Current AI systems rely on opaque reasoning processes that hinder human oversight and collaborative potential. Conventional explainable AI approaches offer post-hoc justifications and often fail to establish genuine symbiotic collaboration.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jan Kapusta

How can we perform computations over natural language representations to solve tasks that require symbolic and numeric reasoning? We propose natural language embedded programs (NLEP) as a unifying framework for addressing math/symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Tianhua Zhang , Jiaxin Ge , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Mingye Gao , Yuan Gong , Xixin Wu , Yoon Kim , Helen Meng , James Glass

We introduce, a large-scale synthetic benchmark of 15,045 university-level physics problems (90/10% train/test split). Each problem is fully parameterized, supporting an effectively infinite range of input configurations, and is accompanied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Shima Imani , Seungwhan Moon , Adel Ahmadyan , Lu Zhang , Kirmani Ahmed , Babak Damavandi

This work aims to improve the generalization of logic-based legal reasoning systems by integrating recent advances in NLP with legal-domain adaptive few-shot learning techniques using LLMs. Existing logic-based legal reasoning pipelines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jieying Xue , Phuong Minh Nguyen , Ha Thanh Nguyen , May Myo Zin , Ken Satoh

Rule-based reasoning, a fundamental type of legal reasoning, enables us to draw conclusions by accurately applying a rule to a set of facts. We explore causal language models as rule-based reasoners, specifically with respect to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Sergio Servantez , Joe Barrow , Kristian Hammond , Rajiv Jain

We introduce PriCL: the first framework for expressing and automatically reasoning about privacy case law by means of precedent. PriCL is parametric in an underlying logic for expressing world properties, and provides support for court…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-15 Michael Backes , Fabian Bendun , Joerg Hoffmann , Ninja Marnau

Neurosymbolic learning enables the integration of symbolic reasoning with deep learning but faces significant challenges in scaling to complex symbolic programs, large datasets, or both. We introduce DOLPHIN, a framework that tackles these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Aaditya Naik , Jason Liu , Claire Wang , Amish Sethi , Saikat Dutta , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Building facial analysis systems that generalize to extreme variations in lighting and facial expressions is a challenging problem that can potentially be alleviated using natural-looking synthetic data. Towards that, we propose LEGAN, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Sandipan Banerjee , Ajjen Joshi , Prashant Mahajan , Sneha Bhattacharya , Survi Kyal , Taniya Mishra

Defeasible logics provide several linguistic features to support the expression of defeasible knowledge. There is also a wide variety of such logics, expressing different intuitions about defeasible reasoning. However, the logics can only…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Guido Governatori , Michael J. Maher

We introduce Natlog, a lightweight Logic Programming language, sharing Prolog's unification-driven execution model, but with a simplified syntax and semantics. Our proof-of-concept Natlog implementation is tightly embedded in the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Paul Tarau

Neuro-symbolic AI systems integrate neural perception with symbolic reasoning to enable data-efficient, interpretable, and robust intelligence beyond purely neural models. Although this compositional paradigm has shown superior performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zishen Wan , Che-Kai Liu , Jiayi Qian , Hanchen Yang , Arijit Raychowdhury , Tushar Krishna

Joint logical-numerical reasoning remains a major challenge for language models, yet existing datasets rely on fixed rule sets and offer limited control over task complexity, constraining their generalizability for evaluation and training.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yiwei Liu , Yucheng Li , Xiao Li , Gong Cheng