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The rapid development of Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) has demonstrated broad application potential, yet their safety and reliability remain critical concerns that require systematic exploration. To address this gap, we conduct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xinyue Lou , You Li , Jinan Xu , Xiangyu Shi , Chi Chen , Kaiyu Huang

With recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) models, effectively generating multiple instances within a single image prompt has become a crucial challenge. Existing methods, while successful in generating positions of individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Geon Park , Seon Bin Kim , Gunho Jung , Seong-Whan Lee

Recent advances in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have significantly improved object-level grounding and region captioning. However, they remain limited in visual relation understanding, struggling even with binary relation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Lin Li , Wei Chen , Jiahui Li , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Long Chen

Accurate detection of offensive content on social media demands high-quality labeled data; however, such data is often scarce due to the low prevalence of offensive instances and the high cost of manual annotation. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Han Wang , Deyi Ji , Junyu Lu , Lanyun Zhu , Hailong Zhang , Haiyang Wu , Liqun Liu , Peng Shu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in general visual understanding. However, their application to safety-critical driving scenarios remains limited by an inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tomaso Trinci , Henrique Piñeiro Monteagudo , Leonardo Taccari

Following road safety norms is non-negotiable not only for humans but also for the AI systems that govern autonomous vehicles. In this work, we evaluate how well multi-modal large language models (LLMs) understand road safety concepts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Chalamalasetti Kranti

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at generalizing across modalities and tasks, effectively adapting them to specific downstream tasks while simultaneously retaining both general and specialized knowledge remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jian Liang , Wenke Huang , Guancheng Wan , Qu Yang , Mang Ye

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have opened new opportunities for recommender systems by enabling rich semantic understanding and reasoning about user interests and item attributes. However, as privacy regulations tighten,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ziheng Chen , Jiali Cheng , Zezhong Fan , Hadi Amiri , Yunzhi Yao , Xiangguo Sun , Yang Zhang

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti

Multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) are increasingly deployed for vision-language tasks that produce explicit intermediate rationales. However, reasoning traces can contain unsafe content even when the final answer is non-harmful,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuxiao Xiang , Junchi Chen , Zhenchao Jin , Changtao Miao , Haojie Yuan , Qi Chu , Tao Gong , Nenghai Yu

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, posing serious safety risks. To address this, existing detection methods either learn attack-specific parameters, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) become an indispensable assistant in human life, the unsafe content generated by MLLMs poses a danger to human behavior, perpetually overhanging human society like a sword of Damocles. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinyue Lou , Jinan Xu , Jingyi Yin , Xiaolong Wang , Zhaolu Kang , Youwei Liao , Yixuan Wang , Xiangyu Shi , Fengran Mo , Su Yao , Kaiyu Huang

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a unified paradigm for language and image generation. Compared with diffusion models, MLLMs possess a much stronger capability for semantic understanding, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ye Leng , Junjie Chu , Mingjie Li , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Everyday activities performed by artificial assistants can potentially be executed naively and dangerously given their lack of common sense knowledge. This paper presents conceptual work towards obtaining prior knowledge on the usual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-31 Nicholas H. Kirk

Recently many multi-label image recognition (MLR) works have made significant progress by introducing pre-trained object detection models to generate lots of proposals or utilizing statistical label co-occurrence enhance the correlation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Tao Pu , Mingzhan Sun , Hefeng Wu , Tianshui Chen , Ling Tian , Liang Lin

Safety concerns of Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have gradually become an important problem in various applications. Surprisingly, previous works indicate a counterintuitive phenomenon that using textual unlearning to align MLLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xuhao Hu , Dongrui Liu , Hao Li , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao

Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs) greatly expand LLMs' multimodal capabilities but also introduce cross-modal safety risks. However, a systematic understanding of vulnerabilities in omni-modal interactions remains lacking. To bridge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Kun Wang , Zherui Li , Zhenhong Zhou , Yitong Zhang , Yan Mi , Kun Yang , Yiming Zhang , Junhao Dong , Zhongxiang Sun , Qiankun Li , Yang Liu

Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) demonstrate impressive cross-modal reasoning but often amplify safety risks under adversarial or unsafe prompts, a phenomenon we call the \textit{Reasoning Tax}. Existing defenses mainly act at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Huahui Yi , Kun Wang , Qiankun Li , Miao Yu , Liang Lin , Gongli Xi , Hao Wu , Xuming Hu , Kang Li , Yang Liu

Recent Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) present remarkable zero-shot conversational and reasoning capabilities given multimodal queries. Nevertheless, they suffer from object hallucination, a phenomenon where LVLMs are prone to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yun Xing , Yiheng Li , Ivan Laptev , Shijian Lu

Autoregressive LLMs perform well on relational tasks that require linking entities via relational words (e.g., father/son, friend), but it is unclear whether they learn the logical semantics of such relations (e.g., symmetry and inversion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yihua Zhu , Qianying Liu , Jiaxin Wang , Fei Cheng , Chaoran Liu , Akiko Aizawa , Sadao Kurohashi , Hidetoshi Shimodaira