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The vehicle routing problem is a well known class of NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems in literature. Traditional solution methods involve either carefully designed heuristics, or time-consuming metaheuristics. Recent work in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Harshad Khadilkar

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem widely applied in logistics distribution and transportation management. Its complexity stems from the constraints of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Linjiang Cao , Maonan Wang , Xi Xiong

Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) enhances the understanding of the effects of the randomness in the environment by letting agents learn the distribution of a random return, rather than its expected value as in standard RL. At the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Zifan Wang , Yulong Gao , Siyi Wang , Michael M. Zavlanos , Alessandro Abate , Karl H. Johansson

The growing need for sustainable logistics solutions has led to the evolution of vehicle routing problems (VRPs) into more complex variants that address modern challenges. Among these, the Two-Echelon Electric Vehicle Routing Problem…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mehmet Anıl Akbay , Christian Blum

This paper proposes an adaptive energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicles by combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and transfer learning (TL). This work aims to address the defect of DRL in tedious training time. First,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-20 Xiaowei Guo , Teng Liu , Bangbei Tang , Xiaolin Tang , Jinwei Zhang , Wenhao Tan , Shufeng Jin

Lane change decision-making for autonomous vehicles is a complex but high-reward behavior. In this paper, we propose a hybrid input based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, which realizes abstract lane change decisions and lane…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ziteng Gao , Jiaqi Qu , Chaoyu Chen

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a typical discrete combinatorial optimization problem, and many models and algorithms have been proposed to solve the VRP and its variants. Although existing approaches have contributed a lot to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Bingjie Li , Guohua Wu , Yongming He , Mingfeng Fan , Witold Pedrycz

This paper presents a safe learning-based eco-driving framework tailored for mixed traffic flows, which aims to optimize energy efficiency while guaranteeing safety during real-system operations. Even though reinforcement learning (RL) is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Ke Lu , Dongjun Li , Qun Wang , Kaidi Yang , Lin Zhao , Ziyou Song

Ramp metering that uses traffic signals to regulate vehicle flows from the on-ramps has been widely implemented to improve vehicle mobility of the freeway. Previous studies generally update signal timings in real-time based on predefined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Bing Liu , Yu Tang , Yuxiong Ji , Yu Shen , Yuchuan Du

Research on Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches for discrete optimization problems has increased considerably, extending RL to areas classically dominated by Operations Research (OR). Vehicle routing problems are a good example of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ricardo Gama , Ricardo Cunha , Daniel Fuertes , Carlos R. del-Blanco , Hugo L. Fernandes

Managing mixed traffic comprising human-driven and robot vehicles (RVs) across large-scale networks presents unique challenges beyond single-intersection control. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning framework for coordinating mixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Iftekharul Islam , Weizi Li

Connected and Automated Hybrid Electric Vehicles have the potential to reduce fuel consumption and travel time in real-world driving conditions. The eco-driving problem seeks to design optimal speed and power usage profiles based upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhaoxuan Zhu , Nicola Pivaro , Shobhit Gupta , Abhishek Gupta , Marcello Canova

The vehicle routing problem with two-dimensional loading constraints (2L-CVRP) and the last-in-first-out (LIFO) rule presents significant practical and algorithmic challenges. While numerous heuristic approaches have been proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yifan Xia , Xiangyi Zhang

As one of the core parts of flexible manufacturing systems, material handling involves storage and transportation of materials between workstations with automated vehicles. The improvement in material handling can impulse the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Chengpeng Hu , Ziming Wang , Jialin Liu , Junyi Wen , Bifei Mao , Xin Yao

In this work, we study adaptive data-guided traffic planning and control using Reinforcement Learning (RL). We shift from the plain use of classic methods towards state-of-the-art in deep RL community. We embed several recent techniques in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Siavash Alemzadeh , Ramin Moslemi , Ratnesh Sharma , Mehran Mesbahi

This paper investigates the multi-UAV multi-task coordination problem in infrastructure-less emergency scenarios, where UAVs collaboratively are required to jointly perform aerial image acquisition and ground-user communication. To tackle…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xindi Wang , Haining Li , Tao Ding , Bolin Cai

Developing and testing automated driving models in the real world might be challenging and even dangerous, while simulation can help with this, especially for challenging maneuvers. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has the potential to…

As the number of devices getting connected to the vehicular network grows exponentially, addressing the numerous challenges of effectively allocating spectrum in dynamic vehicular environment becomes increasingly difficult. Traditional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-17 Riya Dinesh Deshpande , Faheem A. Khan , Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed

With the growing need to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, Eco-driving strategies provide a significant opportunity for additional fuel savings on top of other technological solutions being pursued in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-16 Lindsey Kerbel , Beshah Ayalew , Andrej Ivanco , Keith Loiselle

Demand Response (DR) has a widely recognized potential for improving grid stability and reliability while reducing customers energy bills. However, the conventional DR techniques come with several shortcomings, such as inability to handle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-24 Amin Shojaeighadikolaei , Arman Ghasemi , Kailani R. Jones , Alexandru G. Bardas , Morteza Hashemi , Reza Ahmadi