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Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations rely on inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide global connectivity. However, one significant challenge is to establish and maintain inter-plane ISLs, which support communication between…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Maik Röper , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski , Beatriz Soret

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are increasingly adopting laser (Free Space Optics, FSO) links to provide high-capacity communications. Although laser inter-satellite links offer high throughput and low latency, RF up- and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cao-Vien Phung , Thomas Röthig , Admela Jukan

Oblivious load-balancing in networks involves routing traffic from sources to destinations using predetermined routes independent of the traffic, so that the maximum load on any link in the network is minimized. We investigate oblivious…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Rudrapatna Vallabh Ramakanth , Eytan Modiano

One of the main drivers of 5G cellular networks is provision of connectivity service for various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Considering the potential volume of IoT devices at a global scale, the next leap is to integrate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Stefano Cioni , Petar Popovski

Terrestrial-satellite networks are envisioned to play a significant role in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. In such networks, hot air balloons are useful as they can relay the signals between satellites and ground stations.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Shu Fu , Jie Gao , Lian Zhao

Communication between satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellations takes place through inter-satellite links (ISLs). Unlike intra-plane ISLs, which interconnect satellites belonging to the same orbital plane with fixed relative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-22 Donatella Darsena , Giacinto Gelli , Ivan Iudice , Francesco Verde

Recent advancements in space technology have equipped low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with the capability to perform complex functions and run AI applications. Federated Learning (FL) on LEO satellites enables collaborative training of a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-07 Lingling Wu , Jingjing Zhang

With the current trend towards low Earth orbit mega-constellations with inter-satellite links, efficient routing in such highly dynamic space-borne networks is becoming increasingly important. Due to the distinct network topology,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Manuel M. H. Roth , Hartmut Brandt , Hermann Bischl

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations greatly extend the coverage and resilience of future wireless systems. Within the mega-constellations, laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) enable high-capacity, long-range connectivity. Existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Jinho Choi

Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are becoming integral to 6G infrastructure, but increasing in-orbit computation accelerates battery degradation and raises sustainability concerns. Meanwhile, renewable-heavy regions worldwide…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xiaoyi Fan , Yi Ching Chou , Hao Fang , Long Chen , Haoyuan Zhao , Ershun Du , Chongqing Kang , Zhe Chen , Jiangchuan Liu

6G networks are expected to integrate low Earth orbit satellites to ensure global connectivity by extending coverage to underserved and remote regions. However, the deployment of dense mega-constellations introduces severe interference…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sourav Mukherjee , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

This paper presents a study of an integrated satellite-terrestrial network, where Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to provide the backhaul link between base stations (BSs) and the core network. The mobility of LEO satellites raises…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations continue to be deployed for satellite internet and recent successful experiments in satellite-based quantum entanglement distribution emerge, a natural question arises: How should we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Albert Williams , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Andrew McGregor , Don Towsley

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite network can complement terrestrial networks for achieving global wireless coverage and improving delay-sensitive Internet services. This paper proposes an integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Yu Zhang , Yanmin Gong , Lei Fan , Yu Wang , Zhu Han , Yuanxiong Guo

Recent advancements in low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites aim to bring resilience, ubiquitous, and high-quality service to future Internet infrastructure. However, the soaring number of space assets, increasing dynamics of LEO satellites and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Peng Hu

With growing interest in integrating terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) to connect the unconnected, a key question is whether this new paradigm could also be opportunistically exploited to augment service in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Mohamed Benzaghta , Giovanni Geraci , Rasoul Nikbakht , David Lopez-Perez

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been envisioned as a significant component of the sixth generation (6G) network architecture for achieving ubiquitous coverage and seamless access. However, the implementation of LEO satellites is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chenyu Wu , Shuai Han , Qian Chen , Yu Wang , Weixiao Meng , Abderrahim Benslimane

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

Providing high-speed Internet service using satellite network has attracted researchers from both academia and industry mainly due to the characteristics of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks such as global coverage, scalability, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Prashant Kumar , Saksham Bhushan , Debajyoti Halder , Anand M. Baswade

Formed by using laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) among satellites in upcoming low Earth orbit and very low Earth orbit satellite constellations, optical wireless satellite networks (OWSNs), also known as free-space optical satellite…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-16 Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu